mutiprocessing 同步类型，如锁，条件和队列官方案例：

官方文档：https://docs.python.org/2/library/multiprocessing.html#module-multiprocessing

1。 同步类型，如锁，条件和队列官方案例：

#
# A test file for the `multiprocessing` package
#
# Copyright (c) 2006-2008, R Oudkerk
# All rights reserved.
#

import time, sys, random
from Queue import Empty

import multiprocessing               # may get overwritten

#### TEST_VALUE

def value_func(running, mutex):
    random.seed()
    time.sleep(random.random()*4)

    mutex.acquire()
    print '\n\t\t\t' + str(multiprocessing.current_process()) + ' has finished'
    running.value -= 1
    mutex.release()

def test_value():
    TASKS = 10
    running = multiprocessing.Value('i', TASKS)
    mutex = multiprocessing.Lock()

    for i in range(TASKS):
        p = multiprocessing.Process(target=value_func, args=(running, mutex))
        p.start()

    while running.value > 0:
        time.sleep(0.08)
        mutex.acquire()
        print running.value,
        sys.stdout.flush()
        mutex.release()

    print
    print 'No more running processes'

#### TEST_QUEUE

def queue_func(queue):
    for i in range(30):
        time.sleep(0.5 * random.random())
        queue.put(i*i)
    queue.put('STOP')

def test_queue():
    q = multiprocessing.Queue()

    p = multiprocessing.Process(target=queue_func, args=(q,))
    p.start()

    o = None
    while o != 'STOP':
        try:
            o = q.get(timeout=0.3)
            print o,
            sys.stdout.flush()
        except Empty:
            print 'TIMEOUT'

    print

#### TEST_CONDITION

def condition_func(cond):
    cond.acquire()
    print '\t' + str(cond)
    time.sleep(2)
    print '\tchild is notifying'
    print '\t' + str(cond)
    cond.notify()
    cond.release()

def test_condition():
    cond = multiprocessing.Condition()

    p = multiprocessing.Process(target=condition_func, args=(cond,))
    print cond

    cond.acquire()
    print cond
    cond.acquire()
    print cond

    p.start()

    print 'main is waiting'
    cond.wait()
    print 'main has woken up'

    print cond
    cond.release()
    print cond
    cond.release()

    p.join()
    print cond

#### TEST_SEMAPHORE

def semaphore_func(sema, mutex, running):
    sema.acquire()

    mutex.acquire()
    running.value += 1
    print running.value, 'tasks are running'
    mutex.release()

    random.seed()
    time.sleep(random.random()*2)

    mutex.acquire()
    running.value -= 1
    print '%s has finished' % multiprocessing.current_process()
    mutex.release()

    sema.release()

def test_semaphore():
    sema = multiprocessing.Semaphore(3)
    mutex = multiprocessing.RLock()
    running = multiprocessing.Value('i', 0)

    processes = [
        multiprocessing.Process(target=semaphore_func,
                                args=(sema, mutex, running))
        for i in range(10)
        ]

    for p in processes:
        p.start()

    for p in processes:
        p.join()

#### TEST_JOIN_TIMEOUT

def join_timeout_func():
    print '\tchild sleeping'
    time.sleep(5.5)
    print '\n\tchild terminating'

def test_join_timeout():
    p = multiprocessing.Process(target=join_timeout_func)
    p.start()

    print 'waiting for process to finish'

    while 1:
        p.join(timeout=1)
        if not p.is_alive():
            break
        print '.',
        sys.stdout.flush()

#### TEST_EVENT

def event_func(event):
    print '\t%r is waiting' % multiprocessing.current_process()
    event.wait()
    print '\t%r has woken up' % multiprocessing.current_process()

def test_event():
    event = multiprocessing.Event()

    processes = [multiprocessing.Process(target=event_func, args=(event,))
                 for i in range(5)]

    for p in processes:
        p.start()

    print 'main is sleeping'
    time.sleep(2)

    print 'main is setting event'
    event.set()

    for p in processes:
        p.join()

#### TEST_SHAREDVALUES

def sharedvalues_func(values, arrays, shared_values, shared_arrays):
    for i in range(len(values)):
        v = values[i][1]
        sv = shared_values[i].value
        assert v == sv

    for i in range(len(values)):
        a = arrays[i][1]
        sa = list(shared_arrays[i][:])
        assert a == sa

    print 'Tests passed'

def test_sharedvalues():
    values = [
        ('i', 10),
        ('h', -2),
        ('d', 1.25)
        ]
    arrays = [
        ('i', range(100)),
        ('d', [0.25 * i for i in range(100)]),
        ('H', range(1000))
        ]

    shared_values = [multiprocessing.Value(id, v) for id, v in values]
    shared_arrays = [multiprocessing.Array(id, a) for id, a in arrays]

    p = multiprocessing.Process(
        target=sharedvalues_func,
        args=(values, arrays, shared_values, shared_arrays)
        )
    p.start()
    p.join()

    assert p.exitcode == 0

####

def test(namespace=multiprocessing):
    global multiprocessing

    multiprocessing = namespace

    for func in [ test_value, test_queue, test_condition,
                  test_semaphore, test_join_timeout, test_event,
                  test_sharedvalues ]:

        print '\n\t######## %s\n' % func.__name__
        func()

    ignore = multiprocessing.active_children()      # cleanup any old processes
    if hasattr(multiprocessing, '_debug_info'):
        info = multiprocessing._debug_info()
        if info:
            print info
            raise ValueError('there should be no positive refcounts left')

if __name__ == '__main__':
    multiprocessing.freeze_support()

    assert len(sys.argv) in (1, 2)

    if len(sys.argv) == 1 or sys.argv[1] == 'processes':
        print ' Using processes '.center(79, '-')
        namespace = multiprocessing
    elif sys.argv[1] == 'manager':
        print ' Using processes and a manager '.center(79, '-')
        namespace = multiprocessing.Manager()
        namespace.Process = multiprocessing.Process
        namespace.current_process = multiprocessing.current_process
        namespace.active_children = multiprocessing.active_children
    elif sys.argv[1] == 'threads':
        print ' Using threads '.center(79, '-')
        import multiprocessing.dummy as namespace
    else:
        print 'Usage:\n\t%s [processes | manager | threads]' % sys.argv[0]
        raise SystemExit(2)

    test(namespace)

　下面是一个示例，显示了如何使用队列将任务提供给一组工作进程并收集结果：

# Simple example which uses a pool of workers to carry out some tasks.
#
# Notice that the results will probably not come out of the output
# queue in the same in the same order as the corresponding tasks were
# put on the input queue.  If it is important to get the results back
# in the original order then consider using `Pool.map()` or
# `Pool.imap()` (which will save on the amount of code needed anyway).
#
# Copyright (c) 2006-2008, R Oudkerk
# All rights reserved.
#

import time
import random

from multiprocessing import Process, Queue, current_process, freeze_support

#
# Function run by worker processes
#

def worker(input, output):
    for func, args in iter(input.get, 'STOP'):
        result = calculate(func, args)
        output.put(result)

#
# Function used to calculate result
#

def calculate(func, args):
    result = func(*args)
    return '%s says that %s%s = %s' % \
        (current_process().name, func.__name__, args, result)

#
# Functions referenced by tasks
#

def mul(a, b):
    time.sleep(0.5*random.random())
    return a * b

def plus(a, b):
    time.sleep(0.5*random.random())
    return a + b

#
#
#

def test():
    NUMBER_OF_PROCESSES = 4
    TASKS1 = [(mul, (i, 7)) for i in range(20)]
    TASKS2 = [(plus, (i, 8)) for i in range(10)]

    # Create queues
    task_queue = Queue()
    done_queue = Queue()

    # Submit tasks
    for task in TASKS1:
        task_queue.put(task)

    # Start worker processes
    for i in range(NUMBER_OF_PROCESSES):
        Process(target=worker, args=(task_queue, done_queue)).start()

    # Get and print results
    print 'Unordered results:'
    for i in range(len(TASKS1)):
        print '\t', done_queue.get()

    # Add more tasks using `put()`
    for task in TASKS2:
        task_queue.put(task)

    # Get and print some more results
    for i in range(len(TASKS2)):
        print '\t', done_queue.get()

    # Tell child processes to stop
    for i in range(NUMBER_OF_PROCESSES):
        task_queue.put('STOP')

if __name__ == '__main__':
    freeze_support()
    test()