Scrapy实战篇（四）之周杰伦到底唱了啥

从小到大，一直很喜欢听周杰伦唱的歌，可是相信很多人和我一样，并不能完全听明白歌词究竟是什么，今天我们就来研究一下周董最喜欢在歌词中用的词，这一小节的构思是这样的，我们爬取周杰伦的歌词信息，并且将其进行分词，来看一下什么样的词出现的频率最高，我们将这一整个过程分为两部分，前一部分是抓取，后一部分是分析，分析部分将在数据可视化里面进行处理。

分析

既然是抓取歌词信息，那么最好的地方就是那些音乐平台了，由于平时使用网易云音乐比较多一些，就打算从网页版的云音乐入手，可是对网页进行分析以后发现，云音乐使用了比较多的ajax异步加载，区区的几百首歌，我也是懒得去进一步的分析了，对比发现，虾米音乐还比较方便，因此最终选择了虾米音乐，这也是为什么你看到项目的名称是云音乐了。

我们直接新建一个项目，就叫yunyinyue吧。

项目代码

item.py

import scrapy

class YunyinyueItem(scrapy.Item):

    # define the fields for your item here like:

    # name = scrapy.Field()

    title = scrapy.Field()

    song = scrapy.Field()

由于全是周杰伦的歌，我们的item内容简单的就两个，一个是歌名，一个是歌词。

spider.py

from scrapy import Spider,Request

from yunyinyue.items import YunyinyueItem

from urllib.parse import quote

from lxml import etree

class YunyinyueSpider(Spider):

    name = 'yunyinyue'

    def start_requests(self):

        singer = '周杰伦'

        raw_url = 'http://www.xiami.com/search/song/page/{}?spm=a1z1s.3521869.0.0.Nv2jr2&key={}&category=-1'

        for i in range(44):

            url = raw_url.format(str(i+1), quote(singer))

            yield Request(url=url, callback=self.parse)

    def parse(self, response):

        selector = etree.HTML(response.text)

        hrefs = selector.xpath('//td[@class="song_name"]/a[1]/@href')

        titles = selector.xpath('//td[@class="song_name"]/a[1]/@title')

        for href,title in zip(hrefs, titles):

            yield Request(url=href, callback=self.parse_content, meta={'title': title})

    def parse_content(self,response):

        selector = etree.HTML(response.text)

        song_list = selector.xpath('//div[@class="lrc_main"]/text()')

        song = []

        for line in song_list:

            song.append(line.strip())

        result = '，'.join(song)

        item = YunyinyueItem()

        item['title'] = response.meta['title']

        item['song'] = result

        yield item

具体的逻辑是这样的，我们首先打开虾米网页，搜索周杰伦，发现收录的歌曲数目是44页，因此我们对这44页进行分别请求，每一页的歌曲数目是20个，包含了歌名和相应的链接，我们拿到歌名和链接列表，分别在对每一个链接进行请求，你会发现链接页面的中间内容就是歌词信息了，直接提取即可。

注意我们需要对拿到的歌词进行简单地处理，因为歌词里面包含了不少的\n\t\r这类的字符，我们直接通过strip()方法，将其去除。

pipelines.py

import pymongo

class MongoPipeline(object):

    collection = 'zhoujielun'

    def __init__(self, mongo_uri, mongo_db):

        self.mongo_uri = mongo_uri

        self.mongo_db = mongo_db

    @classmethod

    def from_crawler(cls, crawler):

        return cls(

            mongo_uri = crawler.settings.get('MONGO_RUI'),

            mongo_db = crawler.settings.get('MONGO_DB')

        )

    def open_spider(self, spider):

        self.client = pymongo.MongoClient(self.mongo_uri)

        self.db = self.client[self.mongo_db]

    def close_spider(self, spider):

        self.client.close()

    def process_item(self, item, spider):

        table = self.db[self.collection]

        data = dict(item)

        table.insert_one(data)

        return item

数据的存储就真的没什么好说的了。

middlewares.py

import scrapy

from scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.useragent import UserAgentMiddleware

import random

class MyUseragentMiddleware(UserAgentMiddleware):

    '''

    设置User-Agent

    '''

    def __init__(self, user_agent):

        self.user_agent = user_agent

    @classmethod

    def from_crawler(cls, crawler):

        return cls(

            user_agent=crawler.settings.get('USER_AGENTS')

        )

    def process_request(self, request, spider):

        agent = random.choice(self.user_agent)

        request.headers['User-Agent'] = agent

class MyCookieMiddleware(object):

    def __init__(self, cookies):

        self.cookie = random.choice(cookies)

    @classmethod

    def from_crawler(cls, crawler):

        return cls(

            cookies=crawler.settings.get('COOKIES')

        )

    def process_request(self, request, spider):

        request.cookies = self.cookie

我们这里加一个cookie中间件，将我们自己的cookie信息加上。因为网站后面的页面只有登录才能看。

settings.py

BOT_NAME = 'yunyinyue'

SPIDER_MODULES = ['yunyinyue.spiders']

NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'yunyinyue.spiders'

ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False

DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 2.5

COOKIES_ENABLED = True

TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = False

DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {

  'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',

  'Accept-Language': 'en',

}

DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {

    'yunyinyue.middlewares.MyUseragentMiddleware': 400,

    'yunyinyue.middlewares.MyCookieMiddleware': 450,

}

COOKIES = [

    {'key1': 'value1'，'key2': 'value2', ...},  # 你的cookie，注意是字典的形式

]

USER_AGENTS = [

    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; AcooBrowser; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)",

    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0; Acoo Browser; SLCC1; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; Media Center PC 5.0; .NET CLR 3.0.04506)",

    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; AOL 9.5; AOLBuild 4337.35; Windows NT 5.1; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)",

    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 9.0; en-US)",

    "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; Trident/5.0; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; Media Center PC 6.0)",

    "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.0; Trident/4.0; WOW64; Trident/4.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; .NET CLR 1.0.3705; .NET CLR 1.1.4322)",

    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0b; Windows NT 5.2; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; InfoPath.2; .NET CLR 3.0.04506.30)",

    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; zh-CN) AppleWebKit/523.15 (KHTML, like Gecko, Safari/419.3) Arora/0.3 (Change: 287 c9dfb30)",

    "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux; en-US) AppleWebKit/527+ (KHTML, like Gecko, Safari/419.3) Arora/0.6",

    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.8.1.2pre) Gecko/20070215 K-Ninja/2.1.1",

    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; zh-CN; rv:1.9) Gecko/20080705 Firefox/3.0 Kapiko/3.0",

    "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux i686; U;) Gecko/20070322 Kazehakase/0.4.5",

    "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:1.9.0.8) Gecko Fedora/1.9.0.8-1.fc10 Kazehakase/0.5.6",

    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/17.0.963.56 Safari/535.11",

    "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_7_3) AppleWebKit/535.20 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1036.7 Safari/535.20",

    "Opera/9.80 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6.8; U; fr) Presto/2.9.168 Version/11.52",

    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1132.11 TaoBrowser/2.0 Safari/536.11",

    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/21.0.1180.71 Safari/537.1 LBBROWSER",

    "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; LBBROWSER)",

    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; LBBROWSER)",

    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/17.0.963.84 Safari/535.11 LBBROWSER",

    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)",

    "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; QQBrowser/7.0.3698.400)",

    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)",

    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; 360SE)",

    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)",

    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)",

    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/21.0.1180.89 Safari/537.1",

    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/21.0.1180.89 Safari/537.1",

    "Mozilla/5.0 (iPad; U; CPU OS 4_2_1 like Mac OS X; zh-cn) AppleWebKit/533.17.9 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.0.2 Mobile/8C148 Safari/6533.18.5",

    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; rv:2.0b13pre) Gecko/20110307 Firefox/4.0b13pre",

    "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Ubuntu; Linux x86_64; rv:16.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/16.0",

    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/23.0.1271.64 Safari/537.11",

    "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux x86_64; zh-CN; rv:1.9.2.10) Gecko/20100922 Ubuntu/10.10 (maverick) Firefox/3.6.10",

    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.110 Safari/537.36",

]

ITEM_PIPELINES = {

   'yunyinyue.pipelines.MongoPipeline': 300,

}

MONGO_URI = 'mongodb://localhost:27017'

MONGO_DB = "music"

注意这里需要添加上你的cookie，直接去浏览器上复制，在转化成字典格式即可。

至此，我们的项目就结束了，直接运行，就可以将歌词信息存入数据库了。

你可以去github下载以上的代码和相应的歌词数据。

github地址: https://github.com/cnkai/yunyinyue.git

声明：本文仅供学习交流所用。