Common administrative commands in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5, 6, and 7
https://access.redhat.com/articles/1189123
Common administrative commands in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5, 6, and 7
System basics
Task | RHEL5 | RHEL6 | RHEL7 |
---|---|---|---|
View subscription information | /etc/sysconfig/rhn/systemid | /etc/sysconfig/rhn/systemid subscription-manager identity |
subscription-manager identity |
Configure subscription | rhn_register subscription-manager 1 |
rhn_register rhnreg_ks subscription-manager |
subscription-manager2 rhn_register 3 |
View RHEL version information | /etc/redhat-release | ||
View system profile | sosreport dmidecode hwbrowser |
sosreport dmidecode lstopo lscpu |
Basic configuration
Task | RHEL5 | RHEL6 | RHEL7 |
---|---|---|---|
Graphical configuration tools | system-config-* | gnome-control-center | |
Text-based configuration tools | system-config-*-tui | ||
Configure printer | system-config-printer | ||
Configure network | system-config-network | nmcli nmtui nm-connection-editor |
|
Configure system language | system-config-language | localectl | |
Configure time and date | system-config-date date |
timedatectl date |
|
Synchronize time and date | ntpdate /etc/ntp.conf |
timedatectl /etc/chrony.conf ntpdate |
|
Configure keyboard | system-config-keyboard | localectl | |
Configure SSH | /etc/ssh/ssh_config /etc/ssh/sshd_config ~/.ssh/config ssh-keygen |
Jobs and services
Task | RHEL5 | RHEL6 | RHEL7 |
---|---|---|---|
List all services | chkconfig --list ls /etc/init.d/ |
systemctl -at service ls /etc/systemd/system/*.service ls /usr/lib/systemd/system/*.service |
|
List running services | service --status-all | systemctl -t service --state=active | |
Start/stop service | service name start service name stop |
systemctl start name.service systemctl stop name.service |
|
Enable/disable service | chkconfig name on chkconfig name off |
systemctl enable name.service systemctl disable name.service |
|
View service status | service name status | systemctl status name.service | |
Check if service is enabled | chkconfig name --list | systemctl is-enabled name | |
Create new service file or modify configuration | chkconfig --add | systemctl daemon-reload /etc/systemd/system/*.service |
|
View run level/target | runlevel who -r |
systemctl get-default who -r |
|
Change run level/target | /etc/inittab init run_level |
systemctl isolate name.target systemctl set-default |
|
Configure logging | /etc/syslog.conf | /etc/rsyslog.conf | /etc/rsyslog.conf /etc/rsyslog.d/*.conf /var/log/journal systemd-journald.service |
View logs | /var/log | /var/log journalctl |
|
Configure system audit | add audit=1 to kernel cmdline auditctl /etc/audit/auditd.conf /etc/audit/audit.rules authconfig /etc/pam.d/system-auth pam_tty_audit kernel module |
||
View audit output | aureport /var/log/faillog | ||
Schedule/batch tasks | cron at batch |
||
Find file by name | locate | ||
Find file by characteristic | find | ||
Create archive | tar cpio zip |
Kernel, boot, and hardware
Task | RHEL5 | RHEL6 | RHEL7 |
---|---|---|---|
Single user/rescue mode | append 1 or s or init=/bin/bash to kernel cmdline | append rd.break or init=/bin/bash to kernel cmdline | |
Shut down system | shutdown | ||
Power off system | poweroff | poweroff systemctl poweroff |
|
Halt system | halt | halt systemctl halt |
|
Reboot system | reboot | reboot systemctl reboot |
|
Configure default run level/target | /etc/inittab | systemctl set-default | |
Configure GRUB bootloader | /boot/grub/grub.conf | /etc/default/grub grub2-mkconfig grub-set-default |
|
Configure kernel module | modprobe | ||
View hardware configured | hwbrowser | lshw (in EPEL) | |
Configure hardware device | udev | ||
View kernel parameters | sysctl -a cat /proc/cmdline |
||
Load kernel module | modprobe | ||
Remove kernel module | modprobe -r | ||
View kernel version | rpm -q kernel uname -r |
Software management
Task | RHEL5 | RHEL6 | RHEL7 |
---|---|---|---|
Install software | yum install yum groupinstall |
yum install yum group install |
|
View software info | yum info yum groupinfo |
yum info yum group info |
|
Update software | yum update | ||
Upgrade software | yum upgrade | ||
Configure software repository | subscription-manager repos /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo |
||
Find package owning file | rpm -qf filename yum provides filename-glob |
||
View software version | rpm -q packagename | ||
View installed software | rpm -qa yum list installed |
User management
Task | RHEL5 | RHEL6 | RHEL7 |
---|---|---|---|
Graphical user management | system-config-users | ||
Create user account | useradd | ||
Delete user account | userdel | ||
View/change user account details | usermod /etc/passwd vipw id |
||
Create user group | groupadd | ||
Delete user group | groupdel | ||
Change group details | groupmod /etc/group |
||
Change user password | passwd | ||
Change user permissions | usermod visudo |
||
Change group permissions | groupmod visudo |
||
Change password policy | chage | ||
View user sessions | w |
File systems, volumes, and disks
Task | RHEL5 | RHEL6 | RHEL7 |
---|---|---|---|
Default file system | ext3 | ext4 | xfs |
Create/modify disk partitions | fdisk parted |
fdisk gdisk parted ssm create |
|
Format disk partition | mkfs.filesystem_type (ext4, xfs) mkswap |
mkfs.filesystem_type (ext4, xfs) mkswap ssm create |
|
Defragment disk space | copy data to new file system fsck (look for 'non-contiguous inodes') |
copy data to new file system fsck (look for 'non-contiguous inodes') xfs_fsr |
|
Mount storage | mount /etc/fstab |
mount /etc/fstab ssm mount |
|
Mount and activate swap | /etc/fstab swapon -a |
||
Configure static mounts | /etc/fstab | ||
View free disk space | df | ||
View logical volume info | lvdisplay lvs vgdisplay vgs pvdisplay pvs |
||
Create physical volume | pvcreate | pvcreate ssm create (if backend is lvm) |
|
Create volume group | vgcreate | vgcreate ssm create (if backend is lvm) |
|
Create logical volume | lvcreate | lvcreate ssm create (if backend is lvm) |
|
Enlarge volumes formatted with default file system | vgextend lvextend resize2fs |
vgextend lvextend xfs_growfs ssm resize |
|
Shrink volumes formatted with default file system | resize2fs lvreduce vgreduce |
XFS cannot currently be shrunk; copy desired data to a smaller file system. | |
Check/repair file system | fsck | fsck ssm check |
|
View NFS share | showmount -e mount |
||
Configure NFS share | /etc/exports service nfs reload |
/etc/exports systemctl reload nfs.service |
|
Configure on-demand auto-mounts | /etc/auto.master.d/*.autofs /etc/auto.* |
||
Change file permissions | chmod chown chgrp umask (future file creation) |
||
Change file attributes | chattr | ||
Change access control list | setfacl |
Networking
Task | RHEL5 | RHEL6 | RHEL7 |
---|---|---|---|
Configure name resolution | /etc/hosts /etc/resolv.conf |
/etc/hosts /etc/resolv.conf nmcli con mod |
|
Configure hostname | /etc/sysconfig/network | hostnamectl /etc/hostname nmtui |
|
View network interface info | ip addr ifconfig brctl |
ip addr nmcli dev show teamdctl brctl bridge |
|
Configure network interface | /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-* | /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-* nmcli con [add|mod|edit] nmtui nm-connection-editor |
|
View routes | ip route | ||
Configure routes | ip route add system-config-network /etc/sysconfig/route-iface |
ip route add nmcli nmtui nm-connection-editor /etc/sysconfig/route-iface |
|
Configure firewall | iptables and ip6tables /etc/sysconfig/ip*tables |
iptables and ip6tables /etc/sysconfig/ip*tables system-config-firewall |
firewall-cmd firewall-config |
View ports/sockets | ss lsof netstat |
ss lsof |
Security and identity
Task | RHEL5 | RHEL6 | RHEL7 |
---|---|---|---|
Configure system security | /etc/selinux/config chcon restorecon semanage setsebool system-config-selinux |
||
Report on system security | sealert | ||
LDAP, SSSD, Kerberos | authconfig authconfig-tui authconfig-gtk |
||
Network users | getent |
Resource management
Task | RHEL5 | RHEL6 | RHEL7 |
---|---|---|---|
Trace system calls | strace | ||
Trace library calls | ltrace | ||
Change process priority | nice renice |
||
Change process run location | taskset | ||
Kill a process | kill pkill killall |
||
View system usage | top ps sar iostat netstat vmstat mpstat numastat |
top ps sar iostat netstat ss vmstat mpstat numastat tuna |
top ps sar iostat ss vmstat mpstat numastat tuna |
View disk usage | df | df iostat |
Be aware of potential issues when using subscription-manager on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5: https://access.redhat.com/solutions/129003. ↩
subscription-manager is used for Satellite 6, Satellite 5.6 with SAM and newer, and Red Hat's CDN. ↩
RHN tools are deprecated on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7. rhn_register should be used for Satellite server 5.6 and newer only. For details, see: What's the difference between management services provided by Red Hat Network (RHN) Classic and Red Hat Customer Portal Subscription Management/RHSM?, Transition of Red Hat Network Classic Hosted to Red Hat Subscription Management, and Satellite 5.6 unable to register RHEL 7 client system due to rhn-setup package not included in Minimal installation↩
Attachments
Common administrative commands in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5, 6, and 7的更多相关文章
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8正式发布
现在CENTOS 8还没有发布. 了解其主要特点. https://developers.redhat.com/blog/2019/05/07/red-hat-enterprise-linux-8-n ...
- setting up a IPSEC/L2TP vpn on CentOS 6 or Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 or Scientific Linux
This is a guide on setting up a IPSEC/L2TP vpn on CentOS 6 or Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 or Scientif ...
- Configure Red Hat Enterprise Linux shared disk cluster for SQL Server——RHEL上的“类”SQL Server Cluster功能
下面一步一步介绍一下如何在Red Hat Enterprise Linux系统上为SQL Server配置共享磁盘集群(Shared Disk Cluster)及其相关使用(仅供测试学习之用,基础篇) ...
- Interpreting /proc/meminfo and free output for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5, 6 and 7
Interpreting /proc/meminfo and free output for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5, 6 and 7 Solution Verified ...
- How to use, monitor, and disable transparent hugepages in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
Resolution Note: Transparent Huge Pages are not available on the 32-bit version of RHEL 6. Transpare ...
- How to rebuild RPM database on a Red Hat Enterprise Linux system?
本文是笔者最近遇到的一个故障的处理过程,解决方案是Rebuild RPM 的DB,后面内容其实是REDHAT官方的solutions,不过我遇到的现象和解决方案都与官方有点出入,故一直帖出来: 我遇到 ...
- Configure Red Hat Enterprise Linux shared disk cluster for SQL Server
下面一步一步介绍一下如何在Red Hat Enterprise Linux系统上为SQL Server配置共享磁盘集群(Shared Disk Cluster)及其相关使用(仅供测试学习之用,基础篇) ...
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.6安装体验
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.6的安装首界面有五个选项,这跟以前的Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.x的安装界面是有一些区别的. 安装或者升级现有系统( ...
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux 各个版本以及发布日期
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Release/Update General Availability Date redhat-release Errata Date* Kern ...
随机推荐
- 【原】Ubuntu ATI/Intel双显卡 驱动安装
本文只针对含有AMD双显卡的部分机型,已经测试过的包括DELL Vostro 3550/DELL Inspiron 14R (AMD 6630 和 Intel HD 3000).整个安装过程需要使用命 ...
- AndroidStudio报错Software caused connection abort: recv failed
Software caused connection abort: recv failed 这个问题网上有一种说法 已知会导致这种异常的一个场景如下: 客户端和服务端建立tcp的短连接,每次客户端发送 ...
- android学习-Toast的延迟时间
一般显示Toast都是一条语句够了 Toast.makeText(Context context, CharSequence text, int duration) Context是要显示Toast的 ...
- Ceph 存储集群 - 存储池
目录 一.存储池介绍 二.存储池命令 1. 列出存储池 2. 创建存储池 3. 设置存储池配额 4. 删除存储池 5. 重命名存储池 6. 查看存储池统计信息 7. 生成存储池快照 8. 删除存储池快 ...
- jenkins-node-pipeline
Jenkins node创建 1.jenkins搭建参考我的另外一篇文章: http://www.cnblogs.com/cuishuai/p/7544775.html 2.搭建完成后登录,选择 ...
- Mongodb添加副本及修改优先级
Mongodb添加副本及修改优先级 1.添加副本集 #在primary节点上执行 >rs.add( { host: "192.168.1.11:27017", priorit ...
- window.location.replace
有3个页面 a,b,c 如果当前页面是c页面,并且c页面是这样跳转过来的:a->b->c 1:b->c 是通过window.location.replace("..xx/c ...
- Beta阶段——Scrum 冲刺博客第五天
一.当天站立式会议照片一张 二.每个人的工作 (有work item 的ID),并将其记录在码云项目管理中 昨天已完成的工作 完成部分answer界面的制作,将题目与用户输入的答案.正确答案依次列出来 ...
- 12.Reflect
Reflect Reflect 概述 Reflect对象与Proxy对象一样,也是 ES6 为了操作对象而提供的新 API.Reflect对象的设计目的有这样几个. (1) 将Object对象的一些明 ...
- C#byte类型
byte类型的范围是0~255转换为二进制是00000000~11111111 ---------------------------------------------------------- C ...