【LeetCode】142. Linked List Cycle II (2 solutions)
Linked List Cycle II
Given a linked list, return the node where the cycle begins. If there is no cycle, return null.
Follow up:
Can you solve it without using extra space?
解法一:
使用unordered_map记录当前节点是否被访问过,如访问过返回该节点,如到达尾部说明无环。
/**
* Definition for singly-linked list.
* struct ListNode {
* int val;
* ListNode *next;
* ListNode(int x) : val(x), next(NULL) {}
* };
*/
class Solution {
public:
ListNode *detectCycle(ListNode *head) {
unordered_map<ListNode*, bool> visited;
while(head != NULL)
{
if(visited[head] == true)
return head;
visited[head] = true;
head = head->next;
}
return NULL;
}
};

解法二:
使用快慢指针,
fast每次前进两步(若两步中出现NULL,则返回NULL).
slow每次前进一步(若出现NULL,则返回NULL).
当出现环路,则总有某时刻,fast会赶上slow(相遇),证明如下:
1、若fast套slow圈之前在slow后方两步,则fast2slow1之后,fast在slow后方一步,进入(2)
2、若fast套slow圈之前在slow后方一步,则fast2slow1之后,fast追上slow(相遇)
其他情况均可化归到以上两步。
假设从head到环入口entry步数为x,环路长度为y,相遇时离entry的距离为m
则fast:x+ay+m,slow:x+by+m (a > b)
x+ay+m = 2(x+by+m)
整理得x+m = (a-2b)y
以上式子的含义是,相遇时的位置(m)再前进x步,正好是y的整倍数即整圈。
现在的问题是怎样计数x。
利用head到entry的长度为x,只要fast从head每次前进一步,slow从相遇位置每次前进一步,
再次相遇的时候即环的入口。
/**
* Definition for singly-linked list.
* struct ListNode {
* int val;
* ListNode *next;
* ListNode(int x) : val(x), next(NULL) {}
* };
*/
class Solution {
public:
ListNode *detectCycle(ListNode *head) {
ListNode* fast = head;
ListNode* slow = head;
do
{
if(fast != NULL)
fast = fast->next;
else
return NULL;
if(fast != NULL)
fast = fast->next;
else
return NULL;
slow = slow->next;
}while(fast != slow);
fast = head;
while(fast != slow)
{
fast = fast->next;
slow = slow->next;
}
return slow;
}
};

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