Ubuntu18.04安装openCV4.1.2

Ubuntu18.04下安装openCV4.1.2

注意：

　　在整个安装过程中，包括后期QT的使用中不要出现中文路径。会很坑的。

一、下载openCV4.1.2

　　可以再官网进行下载https://opencv.org/releases/->选择Sources下载源码然后进行编译安装

　　也可以在https://github.com/opencv/opencv/tree/4.1.2下载源码进行编译安装

也可以在百度云盘下载安装https://pan.baidu.com/s/1LIqIvyA6BjjAy1pkC-Mg0w。

二、更新Ubuntu18.04apt源为阿里源(如果已更新或者其他源可以自己尝试)。

　　// 1.备份/etc/apt/sources.list

 cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak

　　// 2.打开/etc/apt/sources.list

 sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list

　　// 3.删除文件内所有内容

　　// 4.将一下内容复制进/etc/apt/sources.list文件中

 deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
 deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
 deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
 deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
 deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
 deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
 deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
 deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
 deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
 deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse   

// 5.更新源

 sudo apt-get update
 sudo apt-get upgrade

三、解决ubuntu1804无法安装libjasper-dev问题（速度会非常的慢，一定要耐心等待）

// 1.检测是否有问题

 apt-get install libjasper-dev

如果有报错信息：errorE: unable to locate libjasper-dev则继续解决一下问题，没有则可跳过第三步。

　　// 2.解决方案

 sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security main"
 sudo apt update
 sudo apt install libjasper1 libjasper-dev

　　添加一个源来重新安装，其中，libjasper1是新的依赖项。
　　但是上述命令会可能产生新的问题。无法找到add-apt-repository问题

// 3.解决add-apt-repository问题

 apt-get -y install software-properties-common
 apt-get -y install apt-file
 apt-get update

四、添加openCV安装的相关准备

//1.安装cmake(如果已经安装过可以忽略)

 sudo apt-get install cmake

　　// 2.安装openCV相关依赖（如果刚才第三步失败或者跳过的话可能 libjasper-dev 会报错）

 sudo apt-get install build-essential libtbb2 libtbb-dev libjpeg-dev libpng-dev libtiff-dev libjasper-dev libdc1394--dev

　　事实上，OpenCV的依赖项众多，在cmake阶段检查依赖项是否安装，调整自己的功能。因此，可根据项目需要调整安装依赖项。

五、安装openCV

　　//1.将下载的opencv-4.1.2.zip拷贝到主目录下，并解压缩

　　// 2.打开终端并切换至主目录下的openCV-4.1.2

 cd /home/DepZcb/openCV-4.1.

　　// 3.在openCV-4.1.2下创建一个名为build目录，并切换到这个目录下

 mkdir build
 cd ./build

　　// 4.执行cmake，生成makefile文件

 cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -D OPENCV_GENERATE_PKGCONFIG=ON -D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local ..

　　命令说明:

　　　　OpenCV4默认不生成.pc文件，OPENCV_GENERATE_PKGCONFIG=ON才会生成。该编译选项开启生成opencv4.pc文件，支持pkg-config功能。

　　　　可用-D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX指定安装目录。如果指定安装目录则默认各部分分别安装在/usr/local/目录的include/ bin/ lib/3个文件夹下.

.. 为上一级目录。

　　// 5.执行makefile文件(有些人说上一步不会生成makefile，我在虚拟机和纯系统中都试过，在deepin下安装也试过没有出现类似问题。但出现了一堆其他问题，感觉还是源没有配置好)

 sudo make -j[N]

　　说明:-j[n]我的电脑是四核四线程，可以运行make -j4，如果是八核可用make -j8。如果不想编译时影响工作，可以用-j3。建议虚拟机的同学就直接运行sudo make就行.

　　　　这一步事件很长的，大概需要半个小时往上。请耐心等待。

　　// 6.进行make install安装

 sudo make install

六、C++环境配置

　　// 1.先在/etc/ld.so.conf.d/文件夹下新建一个opencv4.conf，然后再文件中写入/usr/local/lib。

 cd /etc/ld.so.conf.d/
 sudo touch opencv4.conf
 sudo sh -c 'echo "/usr/local/lib" > opencv4.conf'入代码片

　　 // 2.更新pkg-config

 sudo ldconfig

　　 // 3.查看安装

 pkg-config --libs opencv4
 pkg-config --cflags opencv4

　　// 4.配置bash

 sudo vim /etc/bash.bashrc
 //在末尾添加
 PKG_CONFIG_PATH=$PKG_CONFIG_PATH:/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig
 export PKG_CONFIG_PATH

　　//5.更新bash

 sudo source /etc/bash.bashrc
 //激活配置然后更新database
 sudo updatedb  

　　可能会遇到问题sudo: source: command not found,这时可如下2步处理（如图）:
　　1> sudo -s
　　2> source /etc/profile　　

　　安装完成

七、可能出现的问题

　　// 1.QT5 Core编译错误　

 CMake Warning at cmake/OpenCVFindLibsGUI.cmake: (find_package):
 By not providing "FindQt5Core.cmake" in CMAKE_MODULE_PATH this project has
 asked CMake to find a package configuration file provided by "Qt5Core", but
 CMake did not find one.

 Could not find a package configuration file provided by "Qt5Core" with any
 of the following names:

 Qt5CoreConfig.cmake
 qt5core-config.cmake

 Add the installation prefix of "Qt5Core" to CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH or set
 "Qt5Core_DIR" to a directory containing one of the above files.  If
 "Qt5Core" provides a separate development package or SDK, be sure it has
 been installed.
 Call Stack (most recent call first):
 CMakeLists.txt: (include)

 CMake Warning at cmake/OpenCVFindLibsGUI.cmake: (find_package):
 By not providing "FindQt5Gui.cmake" in CMAKE_MODULE_PATH this project has
 asked CMake to find a package configuration file provided by "Qt5Gui", but
 CMake did not find one.

 Could not find a package configuration file provided by "Qt5Gui" with any
 of the following names:

   Qt5GuiConfig.cmake
   qt5gui-config.cmake

 Add the installation prefix of "Qt5Gui" to CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH or set
 "Qt5Gui_DIR" to a directory containing one of the above files.  If "Qt5Gui"
 provides a separate development package or SDK, be sure it has been
 installed.
 Call Stack (most recent call first):
 CMakeLists.txt: (include)

 CMake Warning at cmake/OpenCVFindLibsGUI.cmake: (find_package):
 By not providing "FindQt5Widgets.cmake" in CMAKE_MODULE_PATH this project
 has asked CMake to find a package configuration file provided by
 "Qt5Widgets", but CMake did not find one.

 Could not find a package configuration file provided by "Qt5Widgets" with
 any of the following names:

   Qt5WidgetsConfig.cmake
   qt5widgets-config.cmake

 Add the installation prefix of "Qt5Widgets" to CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH or set
 "Qt5Widgets_DIR" to a directory containing one of the above files.  If
 "Qt5Widgets" provides a separate development package or SDK, be sure it has
 been installed.

 Call Stack (most recent call first):

   CMakeLists.txt: (include)

 CMake Warning at cmake/OpenCVFindLibsGUI.cmake: (find_package):

   By not providing "FindQt5Test.cmake" in CMAKE_MODULE_PATH this project has asked CMake to find a package configuration file provided by "Qt5Test", but

   CMake did not find one.

   Could not find a package configuration file provided by "Qt5Test" with any

   of the following names:

 Qt5TestConfig.cmake
 qt5test-config.cmake

 Add the installation prefix of "Qt5Test" to CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH or set
 "Qt5Test_DIR" to a directory containing one of the above files.  If
 "Qt5Test" provides a separate development package or SDK, be sure it has
 been installed.
 Call Stack (most recent call first):
   CMakeLists.txt: (include)

 CMake Warning at cmake/OpenCVFindLibsGUI.cmake: (find_package):
   By not providing "FindQt5Concurrent.cmake" in CMAKE_MODULE_PATH this
   project has asked CMake to find a package configuration file provided by
   "Qt5Concurrent", but CMake did not find one.

   Could not find a package configuration file provided by "Qt5Concurrent"
   with any of the following names:

     Qt5ConcurrentConfig.cmake
     qt5concurrent-config.cmake

   Add the installation prefix of "Qt5Concurrent" to CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH or set
   "Qt5Concurrent_DIR" to a directory containing one of the above files.  If
   "Qt5Concurrent" provides a separate development package or SDK, be sure it
   has been installed.
   Call Stack (most recent call first):
   CMakeLists.txt: (include)

 qmake: could not exec '/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/qt4/bin/qmake': No such file     or         directory
 CMake Error at /usr/share/cmake-2.8/Modules/FindQt4.cmake: (message):
   Found unsuitable Qt version "" from NOTFOUND, this code requires Qt .x
 Call Stack (most recent call first):
   cmake/OpenCVFindLibsGUI.cmake: (find_package)
   CMakeLists.txt: (include)

 -- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred!
 See also "/home/*******/OpenCV/opencv-2.4.9/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeOutput.log".
 See also "/home/*******/OpenCV/opencv-2.4.9/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeError.log".

 Qt5Core-CMake did not find one

　　解决办法：安装qt5-default

 sudo apt-get install qt5-default

八、python环境的配置

　　// 1.安装python和numpy　

 sudo apt-get install python-dev python-numpy python3-dev python3-numpy #如果已经安装过，则该步骤省略

　　// 2.验证

$ python3
>>> import cv2
>>> print(cv2.__version__)
'4.1.1'
>>> 

九、卸载openCV

　　如果安装出现了百度不能解决的问题。最好的办法就是卸载重新装一次(第一次安装时前前后后卸载了四五次)。

　　// 1. 删除openCV4.conf

 cd /etc/ld.so.conf.d/
 sudo rm opencv4.conf

　　// 2.卸载

 cd
 cd ./OpenCV-4.1./build
 sudo make uinstall