python openpyxl 操作 excel

初识与安装

Openpyxl is a Python library for reading and writing Excel 2010 xlsx/xlsm/xltx/xltm files.

安装

$ pip install openpyxl

　　

一个简单创建例子

from openpyxl import Workbook
wb = Workbook()
# 激活 worksheet
ws = wb.active
# 数据可以直接分配到单元格中
ws['A1'] = 42
# 可以附加行，从第一列开始附加
ws.append([1, 2, 3])
# Python 类型会被自动转换
import datetime
ws['A3'] = datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d")
# 保存文件
wb.save("sample.xlsx")

打开查看Excel如下：

　　

workbook

There is no need to create a file on the filesystem to get started with openpyxl. Just import the Workbook class and start using it.

from openpyxl import Workbook
wb = Workbook()

　　

worksheet

A workbook至少创建一个worksheet.

通过openpyxl.workbook.Workbook.active()得到worksheet.
ws = wb.active
注意：
该方法使用_active_sheet_index属性, 默认会设置0，也就是第一个worksheet。除非手动修改，否则使用active方法得到都是第一个worksheet。
你也可以创建worksheets，通过 openpyxl.workbook.Workbook.create_sheet() 方法：

>>> ws1 = wb.create_sheet("Mysheet") #插入到最后(default)
#或者
>>> ws2 = wb.create_sheet("Mysheet", 0) #插入到最开始的位置

创建的sheet的名称会自动创建，按照sheet，sheet1，sheet2自动增长，通过title属性可以修改其名称。
ws.title = "New Title"
默认的sheet的tab是白色的，可以通过 RRGGBB颜色来修改sheet_properties.tabColor属性从而修改sheet tab按钮的颜色:
ws.sheet_properties.tabColor = "1072BA"
当你设置了sheet的名称，可以将其看成workbook中的一个key。也可以使用openpyxl.workbook.Workbook.get_sheet_by_name() 方法

>>> ws3 = wb["New Title"]
>>> ws4 = wb.get_sheet_by_name("New Title")
>>> ws is ws3 is ws4
True

查看workbook中的所有worksheets名称:openpyxl.workbook.Workbook.get_sheet_names()

>>> print(wb.sheetnames)
['Sheet2', 'New Title', 'Sheet1']

遍历worksheets：

>>> for sheet in wb:
...     print(sheet.title)

　　

操作数据

访问单元格

单元格可以看作是worksheet的key，通过key去访问单元格中的数据

>>> c = ws['A4']

直接返回A4单元格，如果不存在则会自动创建一个。

指定单元格的值

>>> ws['A4'] = 4 #直接赋值

使用openpyxl.worksheet.Worksheet.cell()方法操作某行某列的某个值：

>>> d = ws.cell(row=4, column=2, value=10)

注意：

1. 当worksheet在内存中被创建时,是没有包含cells的，cells是在首次访问时创建.
2. 可以循环在内存中创建cells，这时不指定他们的值也会创建该cells些：(创建100x100cells)

>>> for i in range(1,101):
...        for j in range(1,101):
...            ws.cell(row=i, column=j)

访问许多cells

通过切片Ranges指定许多cells

>>> cell_range = ws['A1':'C2']

同样也可以Ranges rows 或者columns :

>>> colC = ws['C']
>>> col_range = ws['C:D']
>>> row10 = ws[10]
>>> row_range = ws[5:10]

也可以使用 openpyxl.worksheet.Worksheet.iter_rows() 方法:(需要指定行->行，截止列)

>>> for row in ws.iter_rows(min_row=1, max_col=3, max_row=2):
...    for cell in row:
...        print(cell)
<Cell Sheet1.A1>
<Cell Sheet1.B1>
<Cell Sheet1.C1>
<Cell Sheet1.A2>
<Cell Sheet1.B2>
<Cell Sheet1.C2>　

也可以使用 openpyxl.worksheet.Worksheet.iter_cols() 方法:(需要指定列->列，截止行)

>>> for row in ws.iter_rows(min_row=1, max_col=3, max_row=2):
...    for cell in row:
...        print(cell)
<Cell Sheet1.A1>
<Cell Sheet1.B1>
<Cell Sheet1.C1>
<Cell Sheet1.A2>
<Cell Sheet1.B2>
<Cell Sheet1.C2>

如果你需要遍历所有文件的行或列,可以使用openpyxl.worksheet.Worksheet.rows() 属性:

>>> ws = wb.active
>>> ws['C9'] = 'hello world'
>>> tuple(ws.rows)
((<Cell Sheet.A1>, <Cell Sheet.B1>, <Cell Sheet.C1>),
(<Cell Sheet.A2>, <Cell Sheet.B2>, <Cell Sheet.C2>),
(<Cell Sheet.A3>, <Cell Sheet.B3>, <Cell Sheet.C3>),
(<Cell Sheet.A4>, <Cell Sheet.B4>, <Cell Sheet.C4>),
(<Cell Sheet.A5>, <Cell Sheet.B5>, <Cell Sheet.C5>),
(<Cell Sheet.A6>, <Cell Sheet.B6>, <Cell Sheet.C6>),
(<Cell Sheet.A7>, <Cell Sheet.B7>, <Cell Sheet.C7>),
(<Cell Sheet.A8>, <Cell Sheet.B8>, <Cell Sheet.C8>),
(<Cell Sheet.A9>, <Cell Sheet.B9>, <Cell Sheet.C9>))

或者 openpyxl.worksheet.Worksheet.columns() 属性:

>>> tuple(ws.columns)
((<Cell Sheet.A1>,
<Cell Sheet.A2>,
<Cell Sheet.A3>,
<Cell Sheet.A4>,
<Cell Sheet.A5>,
<Cell Sheet.A6>,
...
<Cell Sheet.B7>,
<Cell Sheet.B8>,
<Cell Sheet.B9>),
(<Cell Sheet.C1>,
<Cell Sheet.C2>,
<Cell Sheet.C3>,
<Cell Sheet.C4>,
<Cell Sheet.C5>,
<Cell Sheet.C6>,
<Cell Sheet.C7>,
<Cell Sheet.C8>,
<Cell Sheet.C9>))

Saving to a file

最简单最安全的方法保存workbook是使用openpyxl.workbook.Workbook对象的 openpyxl.workbook.Workbook.save()方法:

>>> wb = Workbook()
>>> wb.save('balances.xlsx')

保存的默认位置在python的根目录下。
注意：会自动覆盖已经存在文件名的文件。

Loading from a file

像写一样我们可以导入openpyxl.load_workbook()已经存在的workbook:

>>> from openpyxl import load_workbook
>>> wb2 = load_workbook('test.xlsx')
>>> print wb2.get_sheet_names()
['Sheet2', 'New Title', 'Sheet1']

　　

常用实例

详情参考官方使用文档：

http://openpyxl.readthedocs.io/en/default/usage.html

写入例子一

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from openpyxl import Workbook

wb = Workbook()
# 激活 worksheet
ws = wb.active
# 数据可以直接分配到单元格中
ws['A1'] = 42
# 可以附加行，从第一列开始附加
ws.append([1, 2, 3])
# Python 类型会被自动转换
import datetime

ws['A3'] = datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d")
# 保存文件
wb.save("sample.xlsx")

写入例子二

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
http://openpyxl.readthedocs.io/en/default/usage.html
"""

# workbook相关
from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.compat import range
from openpyxl.utils import get_column_letter

wb = Workbook()

dest_filename = 'empty_book.xlsx'

ws1 = wb.active
ws1.title = "range names"

for row in range(1, 40):
    ws1.append(range(600))

ws2 = wb.create_sheet(title="Pi")

ws2['F5'] = 3.14

ws3 = wb.create_sheet(title="Data")
for row in range(10, 20):
    for col in range(27, 54):
        _ = ws3.cell(column=col, row=row, value="{0}".format(get_column_letter(col)))
print(ws3['AA10'].value)
wb.save(filename=dest_filename)

读取例子一

#!/usr/bin/env python 
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from openpyxl.reader.excel import load_workbook
import json

# 读取excel2007文件
wb = load_workbook(filename=r'test_book.xlsx')

# 显示有多少张表
print "Worksheet range(s):", wb.get_named_ranges()
print "Worksheet name(s):", wb.get_sheet_names()

# 取第一张表
sheetnames = wb.get_sheet_names()
ws = wb.get_sheet_by_name(sheetnames[0])

# 显示表名，表行数，表列数
print "Work Sheet Titile:", ws.title
print "Work Sheet Rows:", ws.max_row
print "Work Sheet Cols:", ws.max_column

# 建立存储数据的字典
data_dic = {}

# 把数据存到字典中
for rx in range(1, ws.max_row + 1):
    temp_list = []
    pid = rx
    w1 = ws.cell(row=rx, column=1).value
    w2 = ws.cell(row=rx, column=2).value
    w3 = ws.cell(row=rx, column=3).value
    w4 = ws.cell(row=rx, column=4).value
    temp_list = [w1, w2, w3, w4]

    data_dic[pid] = temp_list

# 打印字典数据个数
print 'Total:%d' % len(data_dic)
print json.dumps(data_dic, encoding="UTF-8", ensure_ascii=False)

读取结果：

Worksheet range(s): []
Worksheet name(s): [u'\u6d3b\u52a8\u8868', u'\u7528\u6237\u4fe1\u606f', u'Sheet3']
Work Sheet Titile: 活动表
Work Sheet Rows: 3
Work Sheet Cols: 5
Total:3
{"1": ["张三", 18, "男", "广州"], "2": ["李四", 20, "女", "湖北"], "3": ["王五", 25, "女", "北京"]}

　　

使用公式

>>> from openpyxl import Workbook
>>> wb = Workbook()
>>> ws = wb.active
>>> # add a simple formula
>>> ws["A1"] = "=SUM(1, 1)"
>>> wb.save("formula.xlsx")

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