3.3、Ansible命令参数详解

0.ansible

命令参数详解：

[root@localhost ~]# ansible
Usage: ansible <host-pattern> [options]

Options:
  -a MODULE_ARGS, --args=MODULE_ARGS    模块的参数,如果执行默认COMMAND的模块，即是命令参数,如：“date”,"pwd"等等
                        module
arguments    模块参数
  -k, --ask-pass        ask for
SSH password  登录密码，提示输入SSH密码而不是假设基于密钥的验证
  --ask-su-pass         ask for
su password    su切换密码
  -K, --ask-sudo-pass   ask for
sudo password  提示密码使用sudo,sudo表示提权操作
  --ask-vault-pass      ask for
vault password
  -B SECONDS, --background=SECONDS     后台运行超时时间
                        run asynchronously,
failing after X seconds
                        (default=N/A)
  -C, --check           don't make any
changes; instead, try to predict some    只是测试一下会改变什么内容，不会真正去执行;相反,试图预测一些可能发生的变化
                        of the changes
that may occur
  -c CONNECTION,
--connection=CONNECTION   连接类型使用。可能的选项是paramiko(SSH),SSH和地方。当地主要是用于crontab或启动。
                        connection type
to use (default=smart)
  -f FORKS, --forks=FORKS   并行任务数。NUM被指定为一个整数,默认是5
                        specify number of
parallel processes to use
                        (default=5)
  -h, --help            show this
help message and exit   打开帮助文档API
  -i INVENTORY,
--inventory-file=INVENTORY    指定库存主机文件的路径,默认为/etc/ansible/hosts
                        specify inventory
host file
                        (default=/etc/ansible/hosts)
  -l SUBSET, --limit=SUBSET    进一步限制所选主机/组模式  --limit=192.168.91.135 只对这个ip执行
                        further limit
selected hosts to an additional pattern
  --list-hosts          outputs a list of matching hosts;
does not execute
                        anything else
  -m MODULE_NAME,
--module-name=MODULE_NAME   执行模块的名字，默认使用 command 模块，所以如果是只执行单一命令可以不用 -m参数
                        module name to
execute (default=command)
  -M MODULE_PATH, --module-path=MODULE_PATH    要执行的模块的路径，默认为/usr/share/ansible/
                        specify path(s)
to module library
                       
(default=/usr/share/ansible/)
  -o, --one-line        condense output      压缩输出，摘要输出.尝试一切都在一行上输出。
  -P POLL_INTERVAL, --poll=POLL_INTERVAL    调查背景工作每隔数秒。需要- b
                        set the poll
interval if using
-B (default=15)
  --private-key=PRIVATE_KEY_FILE    私钥路径，使用这个文件来验证连接
                        use this file to
authenticate the connection
  -S, --su              run operations with su    用 su 命令
  -R SU_USER, --su-user=SU_USER      指定SU的用户，默认是root用户
                        run operations
with su as this user (default=root)
  -s, --sudo            run operations with sudo
(nopasswd)   
  -U SUDO_USER, --sudo-user=SUDO_USER    sudo到哪个用户，默认为 root 
                        desired sudo user
(default=root)
  -T TIMEOUT, --timeout=TIMEOUT    指定SSH默认超时时间，  默认是10S
                        override the SSH
timeout in seconds (default=10)
  -t TREE, --tree=TREE  log output to this
directory     将日志内容保存在该输出目录,结果保存在一个文件中在每台主机上。
  -u REMOTE_USER, --user=REMOTE_USER    远程用户， 默认是root用户
                        connect as this
user (default=root)
 
--vault-password-file=VAULT_PASSWORD_FILE 
                        vault password
file
  -v, --verbose         verbose mode (-vvv for
more, -vvvv to enable    详细信息
                        connection
debugging)
  --version             show program's
version number and exit   输出ansible的版本

特殊说明：

1. ansible是指令核心部分，其主要用于执行ad-hoc（点对点）命令，即单条命令。默认后面需要跟主机和选项部分，默认不指定模块时，使用的是command模块。

2. 默认使用的模块是可以在ansible.cfg 中进行修改的。 /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg

举例：

[root@localhost ~]# ansible 192.168.91.137 -a 'pwd'

192.168.91.137 | success | rc=0 >>

/root

1.ansible-doc

参数详解：

[root@localhost ~]#
ansible-doc  -h
Usage: ansible-doc [options] [module...]

Show Ansible module
documentation     显示Ansible模块文档

Options:
  --version             show program's
version number and exit    显示ansible-doc的版本号
  -h, --help            show this
help message and exit  显示命令参数API文档
  -M MODULE_PATH,
--module-path=MODULE_PATH   查询模块，--module-path=MODULE_PATH  指定模块的路径
                        Ansible modules/
directory
  -l, --list            List available modules   显示已存在的所有模块列表
  -s, --snippet         Show playbook snippet for
specified module(s)   显示playbook制定模块的用法
  -v                    Show version number and
exit   显示ansible-doc的版本号

举例：

$     ansible-doc -l

$     ansible-doc -s
command

2.ansible-galaxy

参数详解：

[root@localhost ~]#
ansible-galaxy -h
Usage: ansible-galaxy [init|info|install|list|remove] [--help] [options] ...

Options:
  -h, --help  show this
help message and exit

See 'ansible-galaxy
<command> --help' for
more information on a specific command.

　　特殊说明：

ansible-galaxy 指令用于方便的从https://galaxy.ansible.com/ 站点下载第三方扩展模块，我们可以形象的理解其类似于centos下的yum、python下的pip或easy_install

举例：

[root@localhost ~]#
ansible-galaxy install aeriscloud.docker

- downloading role 'docker',
owned by aeriscloud

- downloading role from https://github.com/AerisCloud/ansible-docker/archive/v1.0.0.tar.gz

- extracting aeriscloud.docker
to /etc/ansible/roles/aeriscloud.docker

- aeriscloud.docker was
installed successfully

3.ansible-playbook

参数详解：

[root@localhost ~]#
ansible-playbook -h
Usage: ansible-playbook playbook.yml

Options:
  -k, --ask-pass        ask for
SSH password
  --ask-su-pass         ask for
su password
  -K, --ask-sudo-pass   ask for
sudo password
  --ask-vault-pass      ask for
vault password
  -C, --check           don't make any
changes; instead, try to predict some
                        of the changes
that may occur
  -c CONNECTION, --connection=CONNECTION
                        connection type
to use (default=smart)
  -D, --diff            when changing (small) files and
templates, show the
                        differences in
those files; works great with --check
  -e EXTRA_VARS, --extra-vars=EXTRA_VARS
                        set additional
variables as key=value or YAML/JSON
  --force-handlers      run handlers even if a
task fails
  -f FORKS, --forks=FORKS
                        specify number of
parallel processes to use
                        (default=5)
  -h, --help            show this
help message and exit
  -i INVENTORY,
--inventory-file=INVENTORY
                        specify inventory
host file
                        (default=/etc/ansible/hosts)
  -l SUBSET, --limit=SUBSET
                        further limit
selected hosts to an additional pattern
  --list-hosts          outputs a list of matching hosts;
does not execute
                        anything else
  --list-tasks          list all tasks that would be executed
  -M MODULE_PATH,
--module-path=MODULE_PATH
                        specify path(s) to module library
                       
(default=/usr/share/ansible/)
  --private-key=PRIVATE_KEY_FILE
                        use this file to
authenticate the connection
  --skip-tags=SKIP_TAGS
                        only run plays
and tasks whose tags do not match these
                        values
  --start-at-task=START_AT
                        start the
playbook at the task matching this name
  --step                one-step-at-a-time: confirm
each task before running
  -S, --su              run operations with su
  -R SU_USER, --su-user=SU_USER
                        run operations
with su as this user (default=root)
  -s, --sudo            run operations with sudo (nopasswd)
  -U SUDO_USER, --sudo-user=SUDO_USER
                        desired sudo user
(default=root)
  --syntax-check        perform a syntax check on the playbook,
but do not
                        execute it
  -t TAGS, --tags=TAGS  only run plays and tasks tagged with these
values
  -T TIMEOUT, --timeout=TIMEOUT
                        override
the SSH timeout in seconds (default=10)
  -u REMOTE_USER, --user=REMOTE_USER
                        connect as this
user (default=root)
 
--vault-password-file=VAULT_PASSWORD_FILE
                        vault password
file
  -v, --verbose         verbose mode (-vvv for
more, -vvvv to enable
                        connection
debugging)
  --version             show program's
version number and exit

4.ansible-pull

参数详解：

[root@localhost ~]#
ansible-pull -h
Usage: ansible-pull [options] [playbook.yml]

Options:
  -K, --ask-sudo-pass   ask for
sudo password   
  -C CHECKOUT, --checkout=CHECKOUT
                        branch/tag/commit
to checkout.  Defaults to behavior
                        of repository
module.
  -d DEST, --directory=DEST   
                        directory to
checkout repository to
  -e EXTRA_VARS, --extra-vars=EXTRA_VARS
                        set
additional variables as key=value or
YAML/JSON
  -f, --force           run the playbook even if
the repository could not be
                        updated
  -h, --help            show this
help message and exit
  -i INVENTORY,
--inventory-file=INVENTORY    指定库存主机文件的路径,默认为/etc/ansible/hosts
                        location of the
inventory host file
  -m MODULE_NAME,
--module-name=MODULE_NAME   从仓库检查的模块名，默认是git
                        Module name used
to check out repository.  Default is
                        git.
  -o, --only-if-changed  
                        only run the
playbook if the repository has been
                        updated
  --purge               purge checkout after playbook
run  
  -s SLEEP, --sleep=SLEEP
                        sleep for random
interval (between 0 and n number of
                        seconds) before
starting. this is a
useful way to
                        disperse git
requests
  -U URL, --url=URL     URL of the playbook repository
 
--vault-password-file=VAULT_PASSWORD_FILE
                        vault password file
  -v, --verbose         Pass -vvvv to ansible-playbook

5.ansible-vault

参数详解：

[root@localhost ~]#
ansible-vault
Usage: ansible-vault [create|decrypt|edit|encrypt|rekey] [--help] [options]
file_name

Options:
  -h, --help  show this
help message and exit

See 'ansible-vault
<command> --help' for
more information on a specific command.

特殊说明：

ansible-vault主要应用于配置文件中含有敏感信息，又不希望他能被人看到，vault可以帮你加密/解密这个配置文件，属高级用法。主要对于playbooks里比如涉及到配置密码或其他变量时，可以通过该指令加密，这样我们通过cat看到的会是一个密码串类的文件，编辑的时候需要输入事先设定的密码才能打开。这种playbook文件在执行时，需要加上 –ask-vault-pass参数，同样需要输入密码后才能正常执行。具体该部分可以参查官方博客。