Laravel 5 基础（七）- Eloquent （laravel 的ORM）

• 我们来生成第一个模型

php artisan make:model Article
#输出
Model created successfully.
Created Migration: 2015_03_28_062517_create_articles_table

查看一下生成的文件 app/Article.php

<?php namespace App;

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;

class Article extends Model {

	//

}

没什么特别的，除了继承自 Model 以外，但是具有强大的功能，这些都封装在laravel的Model中。模型自动具有了 save() update() findXXX() 等强大的功能。

• tinker 是 laravel提供的命令行工具，可以和项目进行交互。

php artisan tinker

#以下是在tinker中的交互输入
Psy Shell v0.4.1 (PHP 5.4.16 — cli) by Justin Hileman
>>> $name = 'zhang jinglin';
=> "zhang jinglin"

>>> $name
=> "zhang jinglin"

>>> $article = new App\Article;
=> <App\Article #000000005c4b7ee400000000ab91a676> {}

>>> $article->title = 'My First Article';
=> "My First Article"

>>> $article->body = 'Some content...';
=> "Some content..."

>>> $article->published_at = Carbon\Carbon::now();
=> <Carbon\Carbon #000000005c4b7ee600000000ab91dcb6> {
       date: "2015-03-28 06:37:22",
       timezone_type: 3,
       timezone: "UTC"
   }

>>> $article;
=> <App\Article #000000005c4b7ee400000000ab91a676> {
       title: "My First Article",
       body: "Some content...",
       published_at: <Carbon\Carbon #000000005c4b7ee600000000ab91dcb6> {
           date: "2015-03-28 06:37:22",
           timezone_type: 3,
           timezone: "UTC"
       }
   }

>>> $article->toArray();
=> [
       "title"        => "My First Article",
       "body"         => "Some content...",
       "published_at" => <Carbon\Carbon #000000005c4b7ee600000000ab91dcb6> {
           date: "2015-03-28 06:37:22",
           timezone_type: 3,
           timezone: "UTC"
       }
   ]

>>> $article->save();
=> true

#查看数据结果，添加了一条记录

>>> App\Article::all()->toArray();
=> [
       [
           "id"           => "1",
           "title"        => "My First Article",
           "body"         => "Some content...",
           "published_at" => "2015-03-28 06:37:22",
           "created_at"   => "2015-03-28 06:38:53",
           "updated_at"   => "2015-03-28 06:38:53"
       ]
   ]

>>> $article->title = 'My First Update Title';
=> "My First Update Title"

>>> $article->save();
=> true

>>> App\Article::all()->toArray();
=> [
       [
           "id"           => "1",
           "title"        => "My First Update Title",
           "body"         => "Some content...",
           "published_at" => "2015-03-28 06:37:22",
           "created_at"   => "2015-03-28 06:38:53",
           "updated_at"   => "2015-03-28 06:42:03"
       ]
   ]

>>> $article = App\Article::find(1);
=> <App\Article #000000005c4b7e1600000000ab91a676> {
       id: "1",
       title: "My First Update Title",
       body: "Some content...",
       published_at: "2015-03-28 06:37:22",
       created_at: "2015-03-28 06:38:53",
       updated_at: "2015-03-28 06:42:03"
   }

>>> $article = App\Article::where('body', 'Some content...')->get();
=> <Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection #000000005c4b7e1800000000ab91a676> [
       <App\Article #000000005c4b7e1b00000000ab91a676> {
           id: "1",
           title: "My First Update Title",
           body: "Some content...",
           published_at: "2015-03-28 06:37:22",
           created_at: "2015-03-28 06:38:53",
           updated_at: "2015-03-28 06:42:03"
       }
   ]

>>> $article = App\Article::where('body', 'Some content...')->first();
=> <App\Article #000000005c4b7e1900000000ab91a676> {
       id: "1",
       title: "My First Update Title",
       body: "Some content...",
       published_at: "2015-03-28 06:37:22",
       created_at: "2015-03-28 06:38:53",
       updated_at: "2015-03-28 06:42:03"
   }
>>> 

>>> $article = App\Article::create(['title' => 'New Article', 'body' => 'New body', 'published_at' => Carbon\Carbon::now()]);
Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\MassAssignmentException with message 'title'

MassAssignmentException，laravel保护我们不能直接插入记录。比如，在一些特殊情况下我们需要直接利用表单的信息填充数据库记录，但是如果我们并没有在表单中添加密码字段，而黑客产生了密码字段连同我们的其他字段一起送回服务器，这将产生修改密码的危险，所以我们必须明确的告诉laravel我们的模型那些字段是可以直接填充的。

修改我们的模型文件 Article.php

<?php namespace App;

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;

class Article extends Model {

	protected $fillable = [
        'title',
        'body',
        'published_at'
    ];

}

表示，title, body, published_at 是可以直接填充的。

退出 tinker，重新进入

>>> $article = App\Article::create(['title' => 'New Article', 'body' => 'New body', 'published_at' => Carbon\Carbon::now()]);
=> <App\Article #000000005051b2c7000000007ec432dd> {
       title: "New Article",
       body: "New body",
       published_at: <Carbon\Carbon #000000005051b2c6000000007ec4081d> {
           date: "2015-03-28 06:55:19",
           timezone_type: 3,
           timezone: "UTC"
       },
       updated_at: "2015-03-28 06:55:19",
       created_at: "2015-03-28 06:55:19",
       id: 2
   }

# It's ok

>>> App\Article::all()->toArray();
=> [
       [
           "id"           => "1",
           "title"        => "My First Update Title",
           "body"         => "Some content...",
           "published_at" => "2015-03-28 06:37:22",
           "created_at"   => "2015-03-28 06:38:53",
           "updated_at"   => "2015-03-28 06:42:03"
       ],
       [
           "id"           => "2",
           "title"        => "New Article",
           "body"         => "New body",
           "published_at" => "2015-03-28 06:55:19",
           "created_at"   => "2015-03-28 06:55:19",
           "updated_at"   => "2015-03-28 06:55:19"
       ]
   ]

>>> $article = App\Article::find(2);
=> <App\Article #000000005051b22b000000007ec432dd> {
       id: "2",
       title: "New Article",
       body: "New body",
       published_at: "2015-03-28 06:55:19",
       created_at: "2015-03-28 06:55:19",
       updated_at: "2015-03-28 06:55:19"
   }

>>> $article->update(['body' => 'New Updaet Body']);
=> true

#update自动调用save()