Kubernetes集群安装
一、环境介绍
| 主机名 | IP地址 |
|---|---|
| master | 192.168.0.100 |
| node1 | 192.168.0.101 |
| node2 | 192.168.0.102 |
1.1、操作系统： CensOS8.4.2105
[root@kubernetes-master /]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 8.4.2105
1.2、Kubernetes版本 v1.19.1
kube-apiserver v1.19.1
kube-controller-manager v1.19.1
kube-proxy v1.19.1
kube-scheduler v1.19.1
etcd 3.3.10
pause 3.1
coredns 1.3.1
二：Linux服务器安装及系统配置
2.1：Linux安装注意
安装VMware虚拟机软件，下载Centos镜像，安装的时候一点切记，为了使用方便，保证局域网内其他主机能访问到我们的虚拟机，所以这里的网络模式我们使用桥接模式，把虚拟机当做一个真实的物理机来使用，安装完成之后再配置其静态IP，配置静态IP的方式如下。
找到文件 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33，修改为以下配置
TYPE=Ethernet
PROXY_METHOD=none
BROWSER_ONLY=no
BOOTPROTO=static
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy
NAME=ens33
UUID=7ab3916f-b1cf-4d45-a39f-f8a7d2447349
DEVICE=ens33
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=192.168.0.100
PREFIX=24
GATEWAY=192.168.0.1
DNS1=114.114.114.114
IPV6_PRIVACY=no
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
2.2：准备工作
更新镜像源
yum -y update
由于k8s对时间的要求特别的高，所以我们必须保证集群中的每台机器的完全一致，时间同步命令如下：
systemctl start chronyd
服务器文件同步脚本
创建脚本: mkdir xsync
脚本中添加一下内容
#!/bin/bash
#1 获取输入参数个数，如果没有参数，直接退出
pcount=$#
if((pcount==0)); then
echo no args;
exit;
fi
#2 获取文件名称
p1=$1
fname=`basename $p1`
echo fname=$fname
#3 获取上级目录到绝对路径
pdir=`cd -P $(dirname $p1); pwd`
echo pdir=$pdir
#4 获取当前用户名称
user=`whoami`
host_prefix='192.168.0.'
#5 循环
for((host=100; host<103; host++))
do
rsync -rvl $pdir/$fname $user@$host_prefix$host:$pdir
done
2.3：关闭防火墙，开机不自启动
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
2.4 禁用selinux
vi /etc/selinux/config
修改以下配置
SELINUX=disabled
2.5:禁用swap
注释掉 # /dev/mapper/cl-swap swap swap defaults 0 0
2.6: 配置ipvs功能
接下来还需要确保各个节点上已经安装了ipset软件包
# yum -y install ipset
为了便于查看ipvs的代理规则，最好安装一下管理工具ipvsadm
# yum -y install ipvsadm
如果以上前提条件如果不满足，则即使kube-proxy的配置开启了ipvs模式，也会退回到iptables模式
添加需要加载的模块写入脚本文件
cat <<EOF> /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules
#!/bin/bash
modprobe -- ip_vs
modprobe -- ip_vs_rr
modprobe -- ip_vs_wrr
modprobe -- ip_vs_sh
modprobe -- nf_conntrack_ipv4
EOF
为脚本文件添加执行权限
chmod +x /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules
执行脚本文件
/bin/bash /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules
查看对应的模块是否加载成功
lsmod | grep -e ip_vs -e nf_conntrack_ipv4
2.7:重启服务器,检查之前关闭的各种配置是否生效S
getenforce
free -m
三：Kubernetes安装
3.1:docker安装
切换镜像源
wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo -O/etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
查看镜像源中支持的docker版本
yum list docker-ce --showduplicates
安装
yum install docker-ce
3.2:添加配置文件
Docker在黑默认情况下使用的Cgroup Driver为cgroupfs，而kubernetes推荐使用systemd来代替cgroupfs
mkdir /etc/docker
cat <<EOF > /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
"exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],
"registry-mirrors": ["https://kn0t2bca.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF
3.3:启动docker
# 启动docker
systemctl start docker
# 开机启动
systemctl enable docker
安装Kubernetes组件 由于Kubernetes的镜像源在国外，速度比较慢，这里切换成国内的镜像源 编辑/etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo，添加下面的配置
cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
repo_gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF
安装kubeadm,kubelet和kubectl
yum -y install kubeadm-1.19.1 kubectl-1.19.1 kubelet-1.19.1
更换版本
yum remove kubeadm.x86_64 kubectl.x86_64 kubelet.x86_64 -y
配置kubelet的cgroup
# 编辑/etc/sysconfig/kubelet，添加下面的配置
KUBELET_CGROUP_ARGS="--cgroup-driver=systemd"
KUBE_PROXY_MODE="ipvs"
设置kubelet开机自启
systemctl enable kubelet
3.4:初始化集群
在master 上操作
# 由于默认拉取镜像地址 k8s.gcr.io 国内无法访问，这里指定阿里云镜像仓库地址
# apiserver-advertise-address 需要写自己的ip
kubeadm init \
--apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.0.100 \
--image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers \
--kubernetes-version=v1.19.1 \
--pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 \
--service-cidr=10.96.0.0/12
#使用 kubectl 工具
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
加入master指令，在执行完kubeadm init 之后会自动在控制台打印
kubeadm join 192.168.0.100:6443 --token awk15p.t6bamck54w69u4s8 \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:a94fa09562466d32d29523ab6cff122186f1127599fa4dcd5fa0152694f17117
然后我们需要将node 节点加入集群中，在 node 服务器 上执行上述红框的命令加入到master，执行完毕后可在master节点查看，指令如下
kubectl get nodes
3.5:安装网络插件，只在master节点操作即可
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
由于外网不好访问，如果出现无法访问的情况，可以直接用下面的 记得文件名是kube-flannel.yml，位置：/root/
kube-flannel.yml内容
apiVersion: policy/v1beta1
kind: PodSecurityPolicy
metadata:
name: psp.flannel.unprivileged
annotations:
seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames: docker/default
seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName: docker/default
apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames: runtime/default
apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName: runtime/default
spec:
privileged: false
volumes:
- configMap
- secret
- emptyDir
- hostPath
allowedHostPaths:
- pathPrefix: "/etc/cni/net.d"
- pathPrefix: "/etc/kube-flannel"
- pathPrefix: "/run/flannel"
readOnlyRootFilesystem: false
# Users and groups
runAsUser:
rule: RunAsAny
supplementalGroups:
rule: RunAsAny
fsGroup:
rule: RunAsAny
# Privilege Escalation
allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
defaultAllowPrivilegeEscalation: false
# Capabilities
allowedCapabilities: ['NET_ADMIN']
defaultAddCapabilities: []
requiredDropCapabilities: []
# Host namespaces
hostPID: false
hostIPC: false
hostNetwork: true
hostPorts:
- min: 0
max: 65535
# SELinux
seLinux:
# SELinux is unused in CaaSP
rule: 'RunAsAny'
---
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
name: flannel
rules:
- apiGroups: ['extensions']
resources: ['podsecuritypolicies']
verbs: ['use']
resourceNames: ['psp.flannel.unprivileged']
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- pods
verbs:
- get
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- nodes
verbs:
- list
- watch
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- nodes/status
verbs:
- patch
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
name: flannel
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: flannel
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: flannel
namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: flannel
namespace: kube-system
---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-cfg
namespace: kube-system
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
data:
cni-conf.json: |
{
"name": "cbr0",
"cniVersion": "0.3.1",
"plugins": [
{
"type": "flannel",
"delegate": {
"hairpinMode": true,
"isDefaultGateway": true
}
},
{
"type": "portmap",
"capabilities": {
"portMappings": true
}
}
]
}
net-conf.json: |
{
"Network": "10.244.0.0/16",
"Backend": {
"Type": "vxlan"
}
}
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-ds-amd64
namespace: kube-system
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: flannel
template:
metadata:
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
affinity:
nodeAffinity:
requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
nodeSelectorTerms:
- matchExpressions:
- key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
operator: In
values:
- linux
- key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
operator: In
values:
- amd64
hostNetwork: true
tolerations:
- operator: Exists
effect: NoSchedule
serviceAccountName: flannel
initContainers:
- name: install-cni
image: quay-mirror.qiniu.com/coreos/flannel:v0.12.0-amd64
command:
- cp
args:
- -f
- /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
- /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
volumeMounts:
- name: cni
mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
containers:
- name: kube-flannel
image: quay-mirror.qiniu.com/coreos/flannel:v0.12.0-amd64
command:
- /opt/bin/flanneld
args:
- --ip-masq
- --kube-subnet-mgr
resources:
requests:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
limits:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
securityContext:
privileged: false
capabilities:
add: ["NET_ADMIN"]
env:
- name: POD_NAME
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.name
- name: POD_NAMESPACE
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
volumeMounts:
- name: run
mountPath: /run/flannel
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
volumes:
- name: run
hostPath:
path: /run/flannel
- name: cni
hostPath:
path: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
configMap:
name: kube-flannel-cfg
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-ds-arm64
namespace: kube-system
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: flannel
template:
metadata:
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
affinity:
nodeAffinity:
requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
nodeSelectorTerms:
- matchExpressions:
- key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
operator: In
values:
- linux
- key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
operator: In
values:
- arm64
hostNetwork: true
tolerations:
- operator: Exists
effect: NoSchedule
serviceAccountName: flannel
initContainers:
- name: install-cni
image: quay-mirror.qiniu.com/coreos/flannel:v0.12.0-arm64
command:
- cp
args:
- -f
- /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
- /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
volumeMounts:
- name: cni
mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
containers:
- name: kube-flannel
image: quay-mirror.qiniu.com/coreos/flannel:v0.12.0-arm64
command:
- /opt/bin/flanneld
args:
- --ip-masq
- --kube-subnet-mgr
resources:
requests:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
limits:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
securityContext:
privileged: false
capabilities:
add: ["NET_ADMIN"]
env:
- name: POD_NAME
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.name
- name: POD_NAMESPACE
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
volumeMounts:
- name: run
mountPath: /run/flannel
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
volumes:
- name: run
hostPath:
path: /run/flannel
- name: cni
hostPath:
path: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
configMap:
name: kube-flannel-cfg
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-ds-arm
namespace: kube-system
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: flannel
template:
metadata:
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
affinity:
nodeAffinity:
requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
nodeSelectorTerms:
- matchExpressions:
- key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
operator: In
values:
- linux
- key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
operator: In
values:
- arm
hostNetwork: true
tolerations:
- operator: Exists
effect: NoSchedule
serviceAccountName: flannel
initContainers:
- name: install-cni
image: quay-mirror.qiniu.com/coreos/flannel:v0.12.0-arm
command:
- cp
args:
- -f
- /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
- /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
volumeMounts:
- name: cni
mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
containers:
- name: kube-flannel
image: quay-mirror.qiniu.com/coreos/flannel:v0.12.0-arm
command:
- /opt/bin/flanneld
args:
- --ip-masq
- --kube-subnet-mgr
resources:
requests:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
limits:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
securityContext:
privileged: false
capabilities:
add: ["NET_ADMIN"]
env:
- name: POD_NAME
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.name
- name: POD_NAMESPACE
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
volumeMounts:
- name: run
mountPath: /run/flannel
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
volumes:
- name: run
hostPath:
path: /run/flannel
- name: cni
hostPath:
path: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
configMap:
name: kube-flannel-cfg
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-ds-ppc64le
namespace: kube-system
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: flannel
template:
metadata:
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
affinity:
nodeAffinity:
requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
nodeSelectorTerms:
- matchExpressions:
- key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
operator: In
values:
- linux
- key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
operator: In
values:
- ppc64le
hostNetwork: true
tolerations:
- operator: Exists
effect: NoSchedule
serviceAccountName: flannel
initContainers:
- name: install-cni
image: quay-mirror.qiniu.com/coreos/flannel:v0.12.0-ppc64le
command:
- cp
args:
- -f
- /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
- /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
volumeMounts:
- name: cni
mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
containers:
- name: kube-flannel
image: quay-mirror.qiniu.com/coreos/flannel:v0.12.0-ppc64le
command:
- /opt/bin/flanneld
args:
- --ip-masq
- --kube-subnet-mgr
resources:
requests:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
limits:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
securityContext:
privileged: false
capabilities:
add: ["NET_ADMIN"]
env:
- name: POD_NAME
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.name
- name: POD_NAMESPACE
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
volumeMounts:
- name: run
mountPath: /run/flannel
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
volumes:
- name: run
hostPath:
path: /run/flannel
- name: cni
hostPath:
path: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
configMap:
name: kube-flannel-cfg
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-ds-s390x
namespace: kube-system
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: flannel
template:
metadata:
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
affinity:
nodeAffinity:
requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
nodeSelectorTerms:
- matchExpressions:
- key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
operator: In
values:
- linux
- key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
operator: In
values:
- s390x
hostNetwork: true
tolerations:
- operator: Exists
effect: NoSchedule
serviceAccountName: flannel
initContainers:
- name: install-cni
image: quay-mirror.qiniu.com/coreos/flannel:v0.12.0-s390x
command:
- cp
args:
- -f
- /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
- /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
volumeMounts:
- name: cni
mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
containers:
- name: kube-flannel
image: quay-mirror.qiniu.com/coreos/flannel:v0.12.0-s390x
command:
- /opt/bin/flanneld
args:
- --ip-masq
- --kube-subnet-mgr
resources:
requests:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
limits:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
securityContext:
privileged: false
capabilities:
add: ["NET_ADMIN"]
env:
- name: POD_NAME
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.name
- name: POD_NAMESPACE
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
volumeMounts:
- name: run
mountPath: /run/flannel
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
volumes:
- name: run
hostPath:
path: /run/flannel
- name: cni
hostPath:
path: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
configMap:
name: kube-flannel-cfg
使用配置文件启动fannel
kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml
等待它安装完毕 发现已经是 集群的状态已经是Ready
四：集群测试
创建一个nginx服务
kubectl create deployment nginx --image=nginx:1.14-alpine
暴露端口
kubectl expose deploy nginx --port=80 --target-port=80 --type=NodePort
查看服务
kubectl get svc 或者 kubectl get service
查看pod
kubectl get pod
浏览器测试，集群的每个节点都可以访问
至此，kubernetes环境搭建完成，第一步已完成，在了解k8s的路上又近了一步。
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