c++ - Linking problems due to symbols with abi::cxx11?

看错误内容：

/data/projects/LipReadingSDKGPU/lib/cwlibs/libLipReading.so: undefined reference to `tensorflow::Status::ToString[abi:cxx11]() const'
/data/projects/LipReadingSDKGPU/lib/cwlibs/libLipReading.so: undefined reference to `tensorflow::ReadBinaryProto(tensorflow::Env*, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&, google::protobuf::MessageLite*)'
/data/projects/LipReadingSDKGPU/lib/cwlibs/libLipReading.so: undefined reference to `google::protobuf::internal::fixed_address_empty_string[abi:cxx11]'
/data/projects/LipReadingSDKGPU/lib/cwlibs/libLipReading.so: undefined reference to `tensorflow::internal::CheckOpMessageBuilder::NewString[abi:cxx11]()'
/data/projects/LipReadingSDKGPU/lib/cwlibs/libLipReading.so: undefined reference to `tensorflow::strings::StrCat[abi:cxx11](tensorflow::strings::AlphaNum const&)'

stackoverflow上一个友人的解释：

I suspect this is a C++ ABI issue. The ABI for std::string has changed in GCC  (related to C++ requirements, but it applies even if you aren't using C++11). See:
https://gcc.gnu.org/gcc-5/changes.html#libstdcxx

If libprotobuf was built with GCC .x or prior, but your app is built with GCC , then you will see problems, because libprotobuf uses std::string in its interface. You have two options:

.Rebuild libprotobuf with GCC  (but now any apps built with GCC  won't work with the new version of libprotobuf).
.Build you app with -D_GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI= as described at the above link. This will force GCC to use the old ABI version.

这个错误是在我把gcc4.8编的工程迁移到ubuntu16.04(gcc5.4)上编译时候发生的。这是C++ ABI一个错误，gcc4升gcc5时，std::string库接口做了迁移，而我工程中用了三方库tensorflow和protobuf，protobuf中用到了std::string。已经编好的tensorflow是用gcc4.8编的，gcc5上链接，接口对不上。两种解决方案：一种用gcc5重新编译三方库和工程，另一种就是在工程的编译选项（而不是链接选项）上加上-D_GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI=0参数，强制使用旧接口，问题解决。

更详细的解释可以参考：http://www.itkeyword.com/doc/8367047421581508x309/linking-problems-due-to-symbols-with-abicxx11