python 实现dns 解析发送接收报文

http://www.qingruxu.com/code/python/851.html

https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1035
里面的图不一定正确，可以使用抓包软件来进行分析。

# Resource record format
#   0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  0  1  2  3  4  5
# +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
# |                                               |
# /                                               /
# /                      NAME                     /
# |                                               |
# +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
# |                      TYPE                     |
# +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
# |                     CLASS                     |
# +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
# |                      TTL                      |
# |                                               |
# +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
# |                   RDLENGTH                    |
# +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--|
# /                     RDATA                     /
# /                                               /
# +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+

这里的 TYPE  CLASS 应该是各占8个字节。 这里却画错了。

抓包软件推荐 Wireshark 挺好用的。

#coding:utf-8
import socket
import struct

#dns 服务器地址
ip = '8.8.8.8'
port = 53
#创建一个dup通讯
sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
# rfc1035
# format
# +---------------------+
# |        Header       |
# +---------------------+
# |       Question      | the question for the name server
# +---------------------+
# |        Answer       | RRs answering the question
# +---------------------+
# |      Authority      | RRs pointing toward an authority
# +---------------------+
# |      Additional     | RRs holding additional information
# +---------------------+
#
# header
#                                 1  1  1  1  1  1
#   0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  0  1  2  3  4  5
# +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
# |                      ID                       |
# +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
# |QR|   Opcode  |AA|TC|RD|RA|   Z    |   RCODE   |
# +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
# |                    QDCOUNT                    |
# +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
# |                    ANCOUNT                    |
# +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
# |                    NSCOUNT                    |
# +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
# |                    ARCOUNT                    |
# +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
request_id = 65535
#2个Byte 长度无符号数
header = struct.pack('!HBBHHHH', request_id, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0)
#question = struct.pack("!B5sB3sBHH",5,"baidu",3,"com",0,1,1)  #这里是原生格式 就是数一下有几个字母
#格式要求是5baidu3com011 最后的11是2个字节的宽度
#QTYPE 1 是 A记录
#QCLASS 默认都是1
question = ""
domain = "baidu.com"
#用算法实现上面的格式
for element in domain.split("."):
	question += struct.pack("!B",len(element)) + element
question += struct.pack("!BHH",0,1,1)

dns_req = header + question
sock.sendto(dns_req,(ip,port))
resp_data,(resp_addr,resp_port) = sock.recvfrom(512)
# Resource record format
#   0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  0  1  2  3  4  5
# +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
# |                                               |
# /                                               /
# /                      NAME                     /
# |                                               |
# +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
# |                      TYPE                     |
# +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
# |                     CLASS                     |
# +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
# |                      TTL                      |
# |                                               |
# +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
# |                   RDLENGTH                    |
# +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--|
# /                     RDATA                     /
# /                                               /
# +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+

# header
(resp_request_id,resp_flag,resp_qdcount,resp_ancount,resp_nscount,resp_arcount) = struct.unpack("!HHHHHH",resp_data[:12])

#检测request_id 和 RQ RCODE
if resp_request_id == request_id:
	#RQ 是15位
	if resp_flag == resp_flag | 1<<15:
		#RCODE 必须是0 这里与上 0 和原来的值做比较
		if resp_flag == resp_flag & ~0xf:
			#返回记录数大于0 查询记录数大于0
			if 0 <  resp_qdcount and 0 <  resp_ancount:
				#减去header 6个字节
				record = resp_data[12:]
				#减去问题 返回问题和发送问题一样
				record = record[len(question):]
				(offset,type,rdclass,ttl,rdlen,ip1,ip2,ip3,ip4) = struct.unpack("!HHHLHBBBB",record[:struct.calcsize("!HHHLHBBBB")])
				print "{0}.{1}.{2}.{3}".format(ip1,ip2,ip3,ip4)

主要的就是把数据打包成网络二进制流，使用 struct 非常方便。这里仅实现了对 A 记录的解析，CNAME 的未实现。