macosx 10.11 python pip install 出现错误OSError: [Errno 1] Operation not permitted:

Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-7.1.2-py2.7.egg/pip/basecommand.py", line , in main
    status = self.run(options, args)
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-7.1.2-py2.7.egg/pip/commands/install.py", line , in run
    root=options.root_path,
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-7.1.2-py2.7.egg/pip/req/req_set.py", line , in install
    requirement.uninstall(auto_confirm=True)
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-7.1.2-py2.7.egg/pip/req/req_install.py", line , in uninstall
    paths_to_remove.remove(auto_confirm)
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-7.1.2-py2.7.egg/pip/req/req_uninstall.py", line , in remove
    renames(path, new_path)
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-7.1.2-py2.7.egg/pip/utils/__init__.py", line , in renames
    shutil.move(old, new)
  File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/shutil.py", line , in move
    copy2(src, real_dst)
  File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/shutil.py", line , in copy2
    copystat(src, dst)
  File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/shutil.py", line , in copystat
    os.chflags(dst, st.st_flags)
OSError: [Errno ] Operation not permitted: '/var/folders/tx/22hzdby50gg4cbnzx_39c5dm0000gn/T/pip-ziJ8uF-uninstall/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Extras/lib/python/numpy-1.8.0rc1-py2.7.egg-info'

解决方案

pip install --upgrade pip

sudo pip install numpy --upgrade --ignore-installed

sudo pip install scipy --upgrade --ignore-installed

sudo pip install scikit-learn --upgrade --ignore-installed

如果还不能解决的话

1、重启电脑，按command+R进入恢复模式，点击菜单【实用工具】，打开【终端】，输入 csrutil disable

2、重启电脑，正常进入，打开【终端】输入 csrutil  status

这是macosx 10.11 EI Capitan使用了Rootlees，可以理解为一个更高等级的内核保护，系统会默认锁定/system , /sbin , /usr这三个目录，

通过上面方法可以将这个保护关闭。

如果没有关闭，安装一些软件时会出现

Operation not permitted