Cocoa -- 添加和移除开机启动项

一 写plist到~/Library/LaunchAgents/ 目录下

    // 配置开机默认启动
    -(void)installDaemon{
        NSString* launchFolder = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@/Library/LaunchAgents",NSHomeDirectory()];
        NSString * boundleID = [[NSBundle mainBundle] objectForInfoDictionaryKey:(NSString *)kCFBundleIdentifierKey];
        NSString* dstLaunchPath = [launchFolder stringByAppendingFormat:@"/%@.plist",boundleID];
        NSFileManager* fm = [NSFileManager defaultManager];
        BOOL isDir = NO;
        //已经存在启动项中，就不必再创建
        if ([fm fileExistsAtPath:dstLaunchPath isDirectory:&isDir] && !isDir) {
            return;
        }
        //下面是一些配置
        NSMutableDictionary* dict = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
        NSMutableArray* arr = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
        [arr addObject:[[NSBundle mainBundle] executablePath]];
        [arr addObject:@"-runMode"];
        [arr addObject:@"autoLaunched"];
        [dict setObject:[NSNumber numberWithBool:true] forKey:@"RunAtLoad"];
        [dict setObject:boundleID forKey:@"Label"];
        [dict setObject:arr forKey:@"ProgramArguments"];
        isDir = NO;
        if (![fm fileExistsAtPath:launchFolder isDirectory:&isDir] && isDir) {
            [fm createDirectoryAtPath:launchFolder withIntermediateDirectories:NO attributes:nil error:nil];
        }
        [dict writeToFile:dstLaunchPath atomically:NO];
        [arr release];  arr = nil;
        [dict release]; dict = nil;
    }  

关于启动项的配置可以去开发文档搜索：Creating launchd Daemons and Agents。

取消开机启动则只要删除~/Library/LaunchAgents/ 目录下相应的plist文件即可。

    // 取消配置开机默认启动
    -(void)unInstallDaemon{
        NSString* launchFolder = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@/Library/LaunchAgents",NSHomeDirectory()];
        BOOL isDir = NO;
        NSFileManager* fm = [NSFileManager defaultManager];
        if (![fm fileExistsAtPath:launchFolder isDirectory:&isDir] && isDir) {
            return;
        }
        NSString * boundleID = [[NSBundle mainBundle] objectForInfoDictionaryKey:(NSString *)kCFBundleIdentifierKey];
        NSString* srcLaunchPath = [launchFolder stringByAppendingFormat:@"/%@.plist",boundleID];
        [fm removeItemAtPath:srcLaunchPath error:nil];
    }  

二．使用LoginItemsAE

在开发文档中搜索LoginItemsAE即可搜到它的源码，包含LoginItemsAE.c和LoginItemsAE.h两个文件。其原理是写配置信息到~/Library/Preferences/com.apple.loginitems.plist 文件。打开com.apple.loginitems.plist文件找到CustomListItems那一项，展开就可以看到开机启动项的一些信息（包括app名称，所在路径。。。）

图1：com.apple.loginitems.plist 开机启动项内容

下面简单介绍下LoginItemsAE.h 中的几个API。

    //返回开机启动项列表，传入itemsPtr地址即可，
    extern OSStatus LIAECopyLoginItems(CFArrayRef *itemsPtr);  

//添加开机启动项，hideIt参数一般是传 NO
extern OSStatus LIAEAddURLAtEnd(CFURLRef item,     Boolean hideIt);

    //移除开机启动项
    extern OSStatus LIAERemove(CFIndex itemIndex);  

是不是觉得上面的接口不是很好用呢，特别是移除启动项的那个接口，必须得知道要移除的index，如果能根据文件路径移除就好了。下面用Objective-C语法重新封装这几个接口，更方便调用。

    #import "UKLoginItemRegistry.h"  

    @implementation UKLoginItemRegistry  

    +(NSArray*) allLoginItems
    {
        NSArray*    itemsList = nil;
        OSStatus    err = LIAECopyLoginItems( (CFArrayRef*) &itemsList );   // Take advantage of toll-free bridging.
        if( err != noErr )
        {
            NSLog(@"Couldn't list login items error %ld", err);
            return nil;
        }  

        return [itemsList autorelease];
    }  

    +(BOOL)     addLoginItemWithPath: (NSString*)path hideIt: (BOOL)hide
    {
        NSURL*  url = [NSURL fileURLWithPath: path];  

        return [self addLoginItemWithURL: url hideIt: hide];
    }  

    //根据文件路径移除启动项
    +(BOOL)     removeLoginItemWithPath: (NSString*)path
    {
        int     idx = [self indexForLoginItemWithPath: path];  

        return (idx != -) && [self removeLoginItemAtIndex: idx];   // Found item? Remove it and return success flag. Else return NO.
    }  

    +(BOOL)     addLoginItemWithURL: (NSURL*)url hideIt: (BOOL)hide         // Main bottleneck for adding a login item.
    {
        OSStatus err = LIAEAddURLAtEnd( (CFURLRef) url, hide ); // CFURLRef is toll-free bridged to NSURL.  

        if( err != noErr )
            NSLog(@"Couldn't add login item error %ld", err);  

        return( err == noErr );
    }  

    +(BOOL)     removeLoginItemAtIndex: (int)idx            // Main bottleneck for getting rid of a login item.
    {
        OSStatus err = LIAERemove( idx );  

        if( err != noErr )
            NSLog(@"Couldn't remove login intem error %ld", err);  

        return( err == noErr );
    }  

    +(int)      indexForLoginItemWithURL: (NSURL*)url       // Main bottleneck for finding a login item in the list.
    {
        NSArray*        loginItems = [self allLoginItems];
        NSEnumerator*   enny = [loginItems objectEnumerator];
        NSDictionary*   currLoginItem = nil;
        int             x = ;  

        while(( currLoginItem = [enny nextObject] ))
        {
            if( [[currLoginItem objectForKey: UKLoginItemURL] isEqualTo: url] )
                return x;  

            x++;
        }  

        return -;
    }  

    +(int)      indexForLoginItemWithPath: (NSString*)path
    {
        NSURL*  url = [NSURL fileURLWithPath: path];  

        return [self indexForLoginItemWithURL: url];
    }  

    +(BOOL)     removeLoginItemWithURL: (NSURL*)url
    {
        int     idx = [self indexForLoginItemWithURL: url];  

        return (idx != -) && [self removeLoginItemAtIndex: idx];   // Found item? Remove it and return success flag. Else return NO.
    }  

    @end  

上面的代码是不是觉得亲切多了啊？

不过这几个接口有点缺陷：只能用i386来编译，用x86_64编译会报错的。

三. 使用LaunchServices修改启动项

可以使用LaunchServices/LSSharedFileList.h 里面的方法来更改启动项，但是这些方法只支持10.5及以上的系统。下面简单的介绍下这些方法。

    //这个方法返回启动项列表
    extern LSSharedFileListRef
    LSSharedFileListCreate(
                           CFAllocatorRef   inAllocator,
                           CFStringRef      inListType,
                           CFTypeRef        listOptions)  

    //添加新的启动项
    extern LSSharedFileListItemRef LSSharedFileListInsertItemURL(
                                  LSSharedFileListRef       inList,
                                  LSSharedFileListItemRef   insertAfterThisItem,
                                  CFStringRef               inDisplayName,
                                  IconRef                   inIconRef,
                                  CFURLRef                  inURL,
                                  CFDictionaryRef           inPropertiesToSet,
                                  CFArrayRef                inPropertiesToClear)  

//移除启动项
extern OSStatus LSSharedFileListItemRemove(
                           LSSharedFileListRef       inList,
                           LSSharedFileListItemRef   inItem) 

    //最后一个方法用来解析启动项的 URL,用来检索启动项列表里的东西
    extern OSStatus LSSharedFileListItemResolve(
                                LSSharedFileListItemRef   inItem,
                                UInt32                    inFlags,
                                CFURLRef *                outURL,
                                FSRef *                   outRef)  

使用下面两个方法来封装上面的这些API，使更易于使用。你也可以改成传入app路径添加启动项。- (void) addAppAsLoginItem:(NSString *)appPath，把这句NSString * appPath = [[NSBundle mainBundle] bundlePath];注视掉就行了。

    -(void) addAppAsLoginItem{
        NSString * appPath = [[NSBundle mainBundle] bundlePath];  

        // This will retrieve the path for the application
        // For example, /Applications/test.app
        CFURLRef url = (CFURLRef)[NSURL fileURLWithPath:appPath];   

        // Create a reference to the shared file list.
        // We are adding it to the current user only.
        // If we want to add it all users, use
        // kLSSharedFileListGlobalLoginItems instead of
        //kLSSharedFileListSessionLoginItems
        LSSharedFileListRef loginItems = LSSharedFileListCreate(NULL,
                                                                kLSSharedFileListSessionLoginItems, NULL);
        if (loginItems) {
            //Insert an item to the list.
            LSSharedFileListItemRef item = LSSharedFileListInsertItemURL(loginItems,
                                                                         kLSSharedFileListItemLast, NULL, NULL,
                                                                         url, NULL, NULL);
            if (item){
                CFRelease(item);
            }
        }  

        CFRelease(loginItems);
    }  

    -(void) deleteAppFromLoginItem{
        NSString * appPath = [[NSBundle mainBundle] bundlePath];  

        // This will retrieve the path for the application
        // For example, /Applications/test.app
        CFURLRef url = (CFURLRef)[NSURL fileURLWithPath:appPath];   

        // Create a reference to the shared file list.
        LSSharedFileListRef loginItems = LSSharedFileListCreate(NULL,
                                                                kLSSharedFileListSessionLoginItems, NULL);  

        if (loginItems) {
            UInt32 seedValue;
            //Retrieve the list of Login Items and cast them to
            // a NSArray so that it will be easier to iterate.
            NSArray  *loginItemsArray = (NSArray *)LSSharedFileListCopySnapshot(loginItems, &seedValue);
            int i = ;
            for(i ; i< [loginItemsArray count]; i++){
                LSSharedFileListItemRef itemRef = (LSSharedFileListItemRef)[loginItemsArray
                                                                            objectAtIndex:i];
                //Resolve the item with URL
                if (LSSharedFileListItemResolve(itemRef, , (CFURLRef*) &url, NULL) == noErr) {
                    NSString * urlPath = [(NSURL*)url path];
                    if ([urlPath compare:appPath] == NSOrderedSame){
                        LSSharedFileListItemRemove(loginItems,itemRef);
                    }
                }
            }
            [loginItemsArray release];
        }
    }  

详情请打开：http://cocoatutorial.grapewave.com/2010/02/creating-andor-removing-a-login-item/

四. 使用NSUserDefaults修改启动项

下面通过分类给NSUserDefaults添加新的方法。

1. @implementation NSUserDefaults (Additions)
2. - (BOOL)addApplicationToLoginItems:(NSString *)path {
3. NSDictionary *domain = [self persistentDomainForName:@"loginwindow"];
4. NSArray *apps = [domain objectForKey:@"AutoLaunchedApplicationDictionary"];
5. NSArray *matchingApps = [apps filteredArrayUsingPredicate:[NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"Path CONTAINS %@", path]];
6. if ([matchingApps count] == 0) {
7. NSMutableDictionary *newDomain = [domain mutableCopy];
8. NSMutableArray *newApps = [[apps mutableCopy] autorelease];
9. NSDictionary *app = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:path, @"Path", [NSNumber numberWithBool:NO], @"Hide", nil];
10. [newApps addObject:app];
11. [newDomain setObject:newApps forKey:@"AutoLaunchedApplicationDictionary"];
12. [self setPersistentDomain:newDomain forName:@"loginwindow"];
13. return [self synchronize];
14. }
15. return NO;
16. }
17. - (BOOL)removeApplicationFromLoginItems:(NSString *)name {
18. NSDictionary *domain = [self persistentDomainForName:@"loginwindow"];
19. NSArray *apps = [domain objectForKey:@"AutoLaunchedApplicationDictionary"];
20. NSArray *newApps = [apps filteredArrayUsingPredicate:[NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"not Path CONTAINS %@", name]];
21. if (![apps isEqualToArray:newApps]) {
22. NSMutableDictionary *newDomain = [domain mutableCopy];
23. [newDomain setObject:newApps forKey:@"AutoLaunchedApplicationDictionary"];
24. [self setPersistentDomain:newDomain forName:@"loginwindow"];
25. return [self synchronize];
26. }
27. return NO;
28. }
29. @end

详情请打开：http://www.danandcheryl.com/2011/02/how-to-modify-the-dock-or-login-items-on-os-x

后面三种方法都是写配置到~/Library/Preferences/com.apple.loginitems.plist文件中，只不过实现的方式不一样罢了。