[置顶] 教你如何搭建RobotFramework环境

看到这篇文章的朋友，相信已经知道RobotFramework是干什么的了，我这里就不再赘述了。

搭建步骤：

1. 下载安装Python，下载地址http://www.python.org/getit/或者http://www.python.org/ftp/python/，推荐安装python2.7.5或者其它2.X版本。切勿安装3.x版本，3.x版本不兼容robotframework，会报语法错误。

2. 将Python安装目录（比如C:\Python27）加入到windows的Path环境变量里（此步骤可选）。

3. Windows+R打开运行，输入“cmd”回车，打开命令行窗口，进入Python安装目录（如果Python安装目录已加入PATH，无需进入Python安装目录），执行python E:\automation\robotframework\ez_setup.py（此文件附在文章末尾），安装easy-install工具，截图如下。PS：easy-install工具是一个Python包管理器，类似于ubuntu下的apt-get。安装easy-install工具后会在Python安装目录下生成一个Scripts文件，easy-install就安装在这个目录下，下面就可以用easy-install完成robotframework的安装工作了。

4. 进入Python安装目录下的Scripts目录，执行easy_install.exe robotframework，安装RobotFramework，安装截图如下：

5. 同理执行easy_install.exe robotframework-selenium2library，安装selenium库文件。

这样RobotFramework环境搭建工作已经完成了，如果想测试一下RobotFramework是否能正常工作，可以自己编写一个脚本来测试，也可以下载RobotFramework官方提供的一个Demo来进行测试。下载地址：https://bitbucket.org/robotframework/webdemo/downloads ，下载完成后解压到指定目录，比如：E:\WebDemo\demoapp

测试步骤：

1. 启动Demo服务，新打开一个命令行窗口，执行python E:\WebDemo\demoapp\server.py

2. RobotFramework默认使用Firefox浏览器，如果你使用的是Firefox，在Python安装目录下的Scripts下执行以下命令：pybot E:\WebDemo\login_tests。 执行结果如下图：

3. 如果使用IE或Chrome浏览器，需下载相应的驱动，IE驱动下载地址：http://code.google.com/p/selenium/downloads/list，Chrome驱动下载地址：https://code.google.com/p/chromedriver/downloads/list，下载后务必把IE/Chrome驱动所在目录加入到Windows的PATH环境变量（否则会报错），可以放在Python安装目录下，就可以复用Python的PATH路径 ，然后新开一个命令行窗口，在Driver所在目录执行Driver程序，启动Driver服务。最后，新开一个命令行窗口，执行以下命令pybot --variable BROWSER:IE e:\WebDemo\login_tests 或pybot --variable BROWSER:Chrome e:\WebDemo\login_tests即可。

附ez_setup.py脚本：

#!python
"""Bootstrap setuptools installation

If you want to use setuptools in your package's setup.py, just include this
file in the same directory with it, and add this to the top of your setup.py::

    from ez_setup import use_setuptools
    use_setuptools()

If you want to require a specific version of setuptools, set a download
mirror, or use an alternate download directory, you can do so by supplying
the appropriate options to ``use_setuptools()``.

This file can also be run as a script to install or upgrade setuptools.
"""
import os
import shutil
import sys
import tempfile
import tarfile
import optparse
import subprocess
import platform

from distutils import log

try:
    from site import USER_SITE
except ImportError:
    USER_SITE = None

DEFAULT_VERSION = "1.0"
DEFAULT_URL = "https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/s/setuptools/"

def _python_cmd(*args):
    args = (sys.executable,) + args
    return subprocess.call(args) == 0

def _check_call_py24(cmd, *args, **kwargs):
    res = subprocess.call(cmd, *args, **kwargs)
    class CalledProcessError(Exception):
        pass
    if not res == 0:
        msg = "Command '%s' return non-zero exit status %d" % (cmd, res)
        raise CalledProcessError(msg)
vars(subprocess).setdefault('check_call', _check_call_py24)

def _install(tarball, install_args=()):
    # extracting the tarball
    tmpdir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
    log.warn('Extracting in %s', tmpdir)
    old_wd = os.getcwd()
    try:
        os.chdir(tmpdir)
        tar = tarfile.open(tarball)
        _extractall(tar)
        tar.close()

        # going in the directory
        subdir = os.path.join(tmpdir, os.listdir(tmpdir)[0])
        os.chdir(subdir)
        log.warn('Now working in %s', subdir)

        # installing
        log.warn('Installing Setuptools')
        if not _python_cmd('setup.py', 'install', *install_args):
            log.warn('Something went wrong during the installation.')
            log.warn('See the error message above.')
            # exitcode will be 2
            return 2
    finally:
        os.chdir(old_wd)
        shutil.rmtree(tmpdir)

def _build_egg(egg, tarball, to_dir):
    # extracting the tarball
    tmpdir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
    log.warn('Extracting in %s', tmpdir)
    old_wd = os.getcwd()
    try:
        os.chdir(tmpdir)
        tar = tarfile.open(tarball)
        _extractall(tar)
        tar.close()

        # going in the directory
        subdir = os.path.join(tmpdir, os.listdir(tmpdir)[0])
        os.chdir(subdir)
        log.warn('Now working in %s', subdir)

        # building an egg
        log.warn('Building a Setuptools egg in %s', to_dir)
        _python_cmd('setup.py', '-q', 'bdist_egg', '--dist-dir', to_dir)

    finally:
        os.chdir(old_wd)
        shutil.rmtree(tmpdir)
    # returning the result
    log.warn(egg)
    if not os.path.exists(egg):
        raise IOError('Could not build the egg.')

def _do_download(version, download_base, to_dir, download_delay):
    egg = os.path.join(to_dir, 'setuptools-%s-py%d.%d.egg'
                       % (version, sys.version_info[0], sys.version_info[1]))
    if not os.path.exists(egg):
        tarball = download_setuptools(version, download_base,
                                      to_dir, download_delay)
        _build_egg(egg, tarball, to_dir)
    sys.path.insert(0, egg)

    # Remove previously-imported pkg_resources if present (see
    # https://bitbucket.org/pypa/setuptools/pull-request/7/ for details).
    if 'pkg_resources' in sys.modules:
        del sys.modules['pkg_resources']

    import setuptools
    setuptools.bootstrap_install_from = egg

def use_setuptools(version=DEFAULT_VERSION, download_base=DEFAULT_URL,
                   to_dir=os.curdir, download_delay=15):
    # making sure we use the absolute path
    to_dir = os.path.abspath(to_dir)
    was_imported = 'pkg_resources' in sys.modules or \
        'setuptools' in sys.modules
    try:
        import pkg_resources
    except ImportError:
        return _do_download(version, download_base, to_dir, download_delay)
    try:
        pkg_resources.require("setuptools>=" + version)
        return
    except pkg_resources.VersionConflict:
        e = sys.exc_info()[1]
        if was_imported:
            sys.stderr.write(
            "The required version of setuptools (>=%s) is not available,\n"
            "and can't be installed while this script is running. Please\n"
            "install a more recent version first, using\n"
            "'easy_install -U setuptools'."
            "\n\n(Currently using %r)\n" % (version, e.args[0]))
            sys.exit(2)
        else:
            del pkg_resources, sys.modules['pkg_resources']    # reload ok
            return _do_download(version, download_base, to_dir,
                                download_delay)
    except pkg_resources.DistributionNotFound:
        return _do_download(version, download_base, to_dir,
                            download_delay)

def download_file_powershell(url, target):
    """
    Download the file at url to target using Powershell (which will validate
    trust). Raise an exception if the command cannot complete.
    """
    target = os.path.abspath(target)
    cmd = [
        'powershell',
        '-Command',
        "(new-object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadFile(%(url)r, %(target)r)" % vars(),
    ]
    subprocess.check_call(cmd)

def has_powershell():
    if platform.system() != 'Windows':
        return False
    cmd = ['powershell', '-Command', 'echo test']
    devnull = open(os.path.devnull, 'wb')
    try:
        subprocess.check_call(cmd, stdout=devnull, stderr=devnull)
    except:
        return False
    finally:
        devnull.close()
    return True

download_file_powershell.viable = has_powershell

def download_file_curl(url, target):
    cmd = ['curl', url, '--silent', '--output', target]
    subprocess.check_call(cmd)

def has_curl():
    cmd = ['curl', '--version']
    devnull = open(os.path.devnull, 'wb')
    try:
        subprocess.check_call(cmd, stdout=devnull, stderr=devnull)
    except:
        return False
    finally:
        devnull.close()
    return True

download_file_curl.viable = has_curl

def download_file_wget(url, target):
    cmd = ['wget', url, '--quiet', '--output-document', target]
    subprocess.check_call(cmd)

def has_wget():
    cmd = ['wget', '--version']
    devnull = open(os.path.devnull, 'wb')
    try:
        subprocess.check_call(cmd, stdout=devnull, stderr=devnull)
    except:
        return False
    finally:
        devnull.close()
    return True

download_file_wget.viable = has_wget

def download_file_insecure(url, target):
    """
    Use Python to download the file, even though it cannot authenticate the
    connection.
    """
    try:
        from urllib.request import urlopen
    except ImportError:
        from urllib2 import urlopen
    src = dst = None
    try:
        src = urlopen(url)
        # Read/write all in one block, so we don't create a corrupt file
        # if the download is interrupted.
        data = src.read()
        dst = open(target, "wb")
        dst.write(data)
    finally:
        if src:
            src.close()
        if dst:
            dst.close()

download_file_insecure.viable = lambda: True

def get_best_downloader():
    downloaders = [
        download_file_powershell,
        download_file_curl,
        download_file_wget,
        download_file_insecure,
    ]

    for dl in downloaders:
        if dl.viable():
            return dl

def download_setuptools(version=DEFAULT_VERSION, download_base=DEFAULT_URL,
                        to_dir=os.curdir, delay=15):
    """Download setuptools from a specified location and return its filename

    `version` should be a valid setuptools version number that is available
    as an egg for download under the `download_base` URL (which should end
    with a '/'). `to_dir` is the directory where the egg will be downloaded.
    `delay` is the number of seconds to pause before an actual download
    attempt.
    """
    # making sure we use the absolute path
    to_dir = os.path.abspath(to_dir)
    tgz_name = "setuptools-%s.tar.gz" % version
    url = download_base + tgz_name
    saveto = os.path.join(to_dir, tgz_name)
    if not os.path.exists(saveto):  # Avoid repeated downloads
        log.warn("Downloading %s", url)
        downloader = get_best_downloader()
        downloader(url, saveto)
    return os.path.realpath(saveto)

def _extractall(self, path=".", members=None):
    """Extract all members from the archive to the current working
       directory and set owner, modification time and permissions on
       directories afterwards. `path' specifies a different directory
       to extract to. `members' is optional and must be a subset of the
       list returned by getmembers().
    """
    import copy
    import operator
    from tarfile import ExtractError
    directories = []

    if members is None:
        members = self

    for tarinfo in members:
        if tarinfo.isdir():
            # Extract directories with a safe mode.
            directories.append(tarinfo)
            tarinfo = copy.copy(tarinfo)
            tarinfo.mode = 448  # decimal for oct 0700
        self.extract(tarinfo, path)

    # Reverse sort directories.
    if sys.version_info < (2, 4):
        def sorter(dir1, dir2):
            return cmp(dir1.name, dir2.name)
        directories.sort(sorter)
        directories.reverse()
    else:
        directories.sort(key=operator.attrgetter('name'), reverse=True)

    # Set correct owner, mtime and filemode on directories.
    for tarinfo in directories:
        dirpath = os.path.join(path, tarinfo.name)
        try:
            self.chown(tarinfo, dirpath)
            self.utime(tarinfo, dirpath)
            self.chmod(tarinfo, dirpath)
        except ExtractError:
            e = sys.exc_info()[1]
            if self.errorlevel > 1:
                raise
            else:
                self._dbg(1, "tarfile: %s" % e)

def _build_install_args(options):
    """
    Build the arguments to 'python setup.py install' on the setuptools package
    """
    install_args = []
    if options.user_install:
        if sys.version_info < (2, 6):
            log.warn("--user requires Python 2.6 or later")
            raise SystemExit(1)
        install_args.append('--user')
    return install_args

def _parse_args():
    """
    Parse the command line for options
    """
    parser = optparse.OptionParser()
    parser.add_option(
        '--user', dest='user_install', action='store_true', default=False,
        help='install in user site package (requires Python 2.6 or later)')
    parser.add_option(
        '--download-base', dest='download_base', metavar="URL",
        default=DEFAULT_URL,
        help='alternative URL from where to download the setuptools package')
    options, args = parser.parse_args()
    # positional arguments are ignored
    return options

def main(version=DEFAULT_VERSION):
    """Install or upgrade setuptools and EasyInstall"""
    options = _parse_args()
    tarball = download_setuptools(download_base=options.download_base)
    return _install(tarball, _build_install_args(options))

if __name__ == '__main__':
    sys.exit(main())