Radix

  Given a pair of positive integers, for example, 6 and 110, can this equation 6 = 110 be true? The answer is yes, if 6 is a decimal number and 110 is a binary number.

  Now for any pair of positive integers N​1​​ and N​2​​, your task is to find the radix of one number while that of the other is given.

Input Specification:

  Each input file contains one test case. Each case occupies a line which contains 4 positive integers:


N1 N2 tag radix

  Here N1 and N2 each has no more than 10 digits. A digit is less than its radix and is chosen from the set { 0-9, a-z } where 0-9 represent the decimal numbers 0-9, and a-z represent the decimal numbers 10-35. The last number radix is the radix of N1 if tag is 1, or of N2 if tag is 2.

Output Specification:

  For each test case, print in one line the radix of the other number so that the equation N1 = N2 is true. If the equation is impossible, print Impossible. If the solution is not unique, output the smallest possible radix.

Sample Input 1:

6 110 1 10

Sample Output 1:

2

Sample Input 2:

1 ab 1 2

Sample Output 2:

Impossible

解题思路:
  本题给出两个数字n1、n2,给出其中一个数字tag的进制radix,要求判断是否存在某一进制可以使另一个数字与给定数字相等。

  为了方便运算,用字符串tn1、tn2记录输入的两个数字,字符串n1记录给定进制的数字,字符串n2记录未确定数字。用map<char, int > mp,记录每个字符所对应的数值,之后,可以先将给定进制的数字n1转化为10进制,n2的进制最小为其包含的最大数字+1记为leftn,且由于n2是整数,所以其进制最大不会超过n1的十进制与leftn中较大的一个+1,记为rightn。以leftn和rightn分别为左右边界二分所有进制,记mid为中点进制,将n2按mid进制转化为10进制与n1的十进制进行比较,如果n2较大证明mid取值过大,将rightn记为mid - 1;若小了,证明mid取值过小,leftn记为mid+1,若正好相等则找到答案。若无法找到某进制使得n1与n2相等,返回-1,如果返回的答案不为-1,输出答案,否则输出Impossible。

  AC代码

 #include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
typedef long long LL;
map<char, LL> mp;
void init(){
for(char i = ''; i <= ''; i++){
mp[i] = i - ''; //初始化0 - 9
}
for(char i = 'a'; i <= 'z'; i++){
mp[i] = i - 'a' + ; //初始化a - z
}
}
LL toDecimal(string a, LL radix, LL maxn){ //转化为10进制的函数,所转化后的数不会超过给出的maxn
int len = a.size();
LL ans = ;
for(int i = ; i < len; i++){
ans = ans * radix + mp[a[i]];
if(ans < || ans > maxn){ //如果数据溢出了或超过上限
return -;//返回-1
}
}
return ans;//返回转化后的值
}
int cmp(string a, LL radix, LL n1){ //比较函数,用于比较n2的radix进制转化为10进制后与n1的十进制的大小
LL n2_10 = toDecimal(a, radix, n1);
//获得n2转化为10进制的值
if(n2_10 == n1) //如果n2的10进制与n1的十进制相同证明该进制是我们要获得的进制,返回0
return ;
else if(n2_10 < ) //如果toDecimal函数返回的n2小于0,证明n2在该进制下转化为十进制后大于n1的十进制
return ; //进制过大返回1
else if(n1 > n2_10) //如果n2在当前进制下转化为10进制小于n1的十进制
return -; //进制过小返回-1
else //否则返回1
return ;
}
LL getRadix(string a, LL leftn, LL rightn, LL n1){
//二分函数传入n2字符串,最小进制,最大进制,n1的十进制值
while(leftn <= rightn){
LL mid = (leftn + rightn) / ;
//获得中点
LL flag = cmp(a, mid, n1);
//判断终点进制n1与n2状态
if(flag == ) //若比较函数返回了0,证明在mid进制下n1与n2相等
return mid; //返回mid
else if(flag == -){ //进制过小
leftn = mid + ;
}else if(flag == ){ //进制过大
rightn = mid - ;
}
}
return -;
}
int getMaxNum(string a){ //获得n2中最大的数字
LL ans = -;
for(string::iterator it = a.begin(); it != a.end(); it++){
ans = max(ans, mp[*it]);
}
return ans;
}
int main(){
init(); //初始化mp
string tn1, tn2, n1, n2;
int tag, radix;
cin >> tn1 >> tn2 >> tag >> radix;
//输入 tn1 tn2 tag radix;
if(tag == ){
n1 = tn1;
n2 = tn2;
}else{
n1 = tn2;
n2 = tn1;
}
//n1记录已经确定进制的数字,n2记录未确定的数字
LL n1_10 = toDecimal(n1, radix, INT_MAX);
//将n1转化为10进制其上限为无穷大
LL leftn = getMaxNum(n2) + ;
//获得n2的最小进制
LL rightn = max(leftn, n1_10) + ;
//获得n2的最大进制
LL ans = getRadix(n2, leftn, rightn, n1_10);
//二分所有进制
if(tn1 == tn2)
printf("%d\n", radix);
else if(ans == -){
printf("Impossible\n");
}else{
printf("%lld\n", ans);
}
return ;
}

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