Oracle HA 之 oracle 11.2 rac库配置active dataguard

一、建组、建用户、配置环境变量、内核参数等

#!/bin/bash

#Usage:Log on as the superuser('root'),and then execute the command:#./1preusers.sh

groupadd -g 1000 oinstall

groupadd -g 1200 asmadmin

groupadd -g 1201 asmdba

groupadd -g 1202 asmoper

groupadd -g 1300 dba

groupadd -g 1301 oper

useradd -u 1100 -g oinstall -G asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper,dba -d /home/grid -s /bin/bash -c "grid Infrastructure Owner" grid

echo "grid" | passwd --stdin grid

echo "export TMP=/tmp">> /home/grid/.bash_profile

echo 'export TMPDIR=$TMP'>>/home/grid/.bash_profile

echo "export ORACLE_SID=+ASM">> /home/grid/.bash_profile

echo "export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/grid">> /home/grid/.bash_profile

echo "export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/11.2.0/grid">> /home/grid/.bash_profile

echo "export ORACLE_TERM=xterm">> /home/grid/.bash_profile

echo "export NLS_DATE_FORMAT='yyyy/mm/dd hh24:mi:ss'" >> /home/grid/.bash_profile

echo 'export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin' >> /home/grid/.bash_profile

echo 'export PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH'>> /home/grid/.bash_profile

echo 'export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH'>> /home/grid/.bash_profile

echo 'export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib'>> /home/grid/.bash_profile

echo 'export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib'>> /home/grid/.bash_profile

echo "export LANG=en_US" >> /home/grid/.bash_profile

echo "export NLS_LANG=american_america.AL32UTF8" >> /home/grid/.bash_profile

useradd -u 1101 -g oinstall -G dba,oper,asmdba,asmadmin -d /home/oracle -s /bin/bash -c "Oracle Software Owner" oracle

echo "oracle" | passwd --stdin oracle

echo "export TMP=/tmp">> /home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo 'export TMPDIR=$TMP'>>/home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo "export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=dg">> /home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo "export ORACLE_SID=phydb">> /home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo "export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle">> /home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo 'export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1'>> /home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo "export ORACLE_UNQNAME=phydb">> /home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo 'export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin' >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo "export ORACLE_TERM=xterm">> /home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo 'export PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH'>> /home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo 'export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH'>> /home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo 'export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib'>> /home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo 'export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib'>> /home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo "export LANG=en_US" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo "export NLS_LANG=american_america.AL32UTF8" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo "export NLS_DATE_FORMAT='yyyy/mm/dd hh24:mi:ss'" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo "The Groups and users has been created"

echo "The Environment for grid,oracle also has been set successfully"

mkdir -p /u01/app/grid

mkdir -p /u01/app/11.2.0/grid

mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle

chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01

chown -R grid:oinstall /u01/app/grid

chown -R grid:oinstall /u01/app/11.2.0

chmod -R 775 /u01

cp /etc/security/limits.conf /etc/security/limits.conf.bak

echo "oracle soft nproc 2047" >>/etc/security/limits.conf

echo "oracle hard nproc 16384" >>/etc/security/limits.conf

echo "oracle soft nofile 1024" >>/etc/security/limits.conf

echo "oracle hard nofile 65536" >>/etc/security/limits.conf

echo "grid soft nproc 2047" >>/etc/security/limits.conf

echo "grid hard nproc 16384" >>/etc/security/limits.conf

echo "grid soft nofile 1024" >>/etc/security/limits.conf

echo "grid hard nofile 65536" >>/etc/security/limits.conf

cp /etc/pam.d/login /etc/pam.d/login.bak

echo "session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so" >>/etc/pam.d/login

echo "session required pam_limits.so" >>/etc/pam.d/login

cp /etc/profile /etc/profile.bak

echo 'if [ $USER = "oracle" ]||[ $USER = "grid" ]; then' >> /etc/profile

echo 'if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then' >> /etc/profile

echo 'ulimit -p 16384' >> /etc/profile

echo 'ulimit -n 65536' >> /etc/profile

echo 'else' >> /etc/profile

echo 'ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536' >> /etc/profile

echo 'fi' >> /etc/profile

cp /etc/sysctl.conf /etc/sysctl.conf.bak

echo "fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo "fs.file-max = 6815744" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo "kernel.shmall = 2097152" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo "kernel.shmmax = 4294967295" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo "kernel.shmmni = 4096" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo "kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo "net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo "net.core.rmem_default = 262144" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo "net.core.rmem_max = 4194304" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo "net.core.wmem_default = 262144" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo "net.core.wmem_max = 1048586" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo "net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 262144 262144 262144" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo "net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4194304 4194304 4194304" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

sysctl -p

二、配置共享磁盘

1）创建4块共享磁盘并fdisk格式化。

vmware esxi创建时需要制定scsi为物理模式。具体步骤略

2）安装asm rpm包

[root@rac2 ~]# cd /mnt

[root@rac2 mnt]# ll

total 136

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 33956 Jan 22 17:23 kmod-oracleasm-2.0.6.rh1-3.el6.x86_64.rpm

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 13300 Jan 22 17:23 oracleasmlib-2.0.4-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 74984 Jan 22 17:23 oracleasm-support-2.1.8-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

[root@rac2 mnt]# rpm -qa|grep oracleasm

[root@rac2 mnt]# rpm -ivh kmod-oracleasm-2.0.6.rh1-3.el6.x86_64.rpm

Preparing... ########################################### [100%]

1:kmod-oracleasm ########################################### [100%]

[root@rac2 mnt]# rpm -ivh oracleasm-support-2.1.8-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

warning: oracleasm-support-2.1.8-1.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID ec551f03: NOKEY

Preparing... ########################################### [100%]

1:oracleasm-support ########################################### [100%]

[root@rac2 mnt]# rpm -ivh oracleasmlib-2.0.4-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

warning: oracleasmlib-2.0.4-1.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID ec551f03: NOKEY

Preparing... ########################################### [100%]

1:oracleasmlib ########################################### [100%]

[root@rac2 mnt]# rpm -qa|grep oracleasm

oracleasm-support-2.1.8-1.el6.x86_64

kmod-oracleasm-2.0.6.rh1-3.el6.x86_64

oracleasmlib-2.0.4-1.el6.x86_64

3）配置asm driver服务

[root@rac1 mnt]# /usr/sbin/oracleasm status

Checking if ASM is loaded: no

Checking if /dev/oracleasm is mounted: no

[root@rac1 mnt]# /usr/sbin/oracleasm configure -i

Configuring the Oracle ASM library driver.

This will configure the on-boot properties of the Oracle ASM library

driver. The following questions will determine whether the driver is

loaded on boot and what permissions it will have. The current values

will be shown in brackets ('[]'). Hitting <ENTER> without typing an

answer will keep that current value. Ctrl-C will abort.

Default user to own the driver interface []: grid

Default group to own the driver interface []: asmadmin

Start Oracle ASM library driver on boot (y/n) [n]: y

Scan for Oracle ASM disks on boot (y/n) [y]: y

Writing Oracle ASM library driver configuration: done

[root@rac1 mnt]# /usr/sbin/oracleasm status

Checking if ASM is loaded: no

Checking if /dev/oracleasm is mounted: no

[root@rac1 mnt]# /usr/sbin/oracleasm init

Creating /dev/oracleasm mount point: /dev/oracleasm

Loading module "oracleasm": oracleasm

Mounting ASMlib driver filesystem: /dev/oracleasm

[root@rac1 mnt]# /usr/sbin/oracleasm status

Checking if ASM is loaded: yes

Checking if /dev/oracleasm is mounted: yes

4）配置asm磁盘

[root@rac1 mnt]# /usr/sbin/oracleasm listdisks

[root@rac1 mnt]# /usr/sbin/oracleasm createdisk VOL1 /dev/sdb1

Writing disk header: done

Instantiating disk: done

[root@rac1 mnt]# /usr/sbin/oracleasm createdisk VOL2 /dev/sdc1

Writing disk header: done

Instantiating disk: done

[root@rac1 mnt]# /usr/sbin/oracleasm createdisk VOL3 /dev/sdd1

Writing disk header: done

Instantiating disk: done

[root@rac1 mnt]# /usr/sbin/oracleasm createdisk VOL4 /dev/sde1

Writing disk header: done

Instantiating disk: done

[root@rac1 mnt]# /usr/sbin/oracleasm listdisks

VOL1

VOL2

VOL3

VOL4

三、安装grid、oracle软件及asmca创建asm磁盘组

图形化过程（略）。

四、配置rac主库

1、主库设置归档模式

[grid@node1 ~]$ srvctl status database -d orcl

Instance orcl1 is running on node node1

Instance orcl2 is running on node node2

[grid@node1 ~]$ srvctl stop database -d orcl

[oracle@node1 ~]$sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL> alter database archivelog;

Database altered.

SQL> shutdown immediate;

[grid@node1 ~]$ srvctl start database -d orcl

[grid@node1 ~]$ srvctl status database -d orcl

Instance orcl1 is running on node node1

Instance orcl2 is running on node node2

2、主库设置force logging模式

SQL> alter database force logging;

SQL> select name,log_mode,force_logging from gv$database;

NAME LOG_MODE FOR

--------- ------------ ---

DEVDB NOARCHIVELOG YES

3、rac主库执行rman全备

RMAN>run {

allocate channel c1 type disk;

allocate channel c2 type disk;

allocate channel c3 type disk;

allocate channel c4 type disk;

backup database format '/rman_backup/Full_%U.bak';

release channel c1;

release channel c2;

release channel c3;

release channel c4;

}

RMAN> backup archivelog all format '/rman_backup/ARC_%U.bak';

4、rac主库创建物理备库控制文件

RMAN> backup device type disk format '/rman_backup/standby_%U.ctl' current controlfile for standby;

5、rac主库创建物理备库参数文件

SQL> create pfile='/rman_backup/initphydb.ora' from spfile;

6、同步rac主库各节点sys用户密码

rac主库各个节点sys用户密码需保持一致。

五、配置物理备库

1、scp命令将主库备份传到物理备库系统上

[oracle@node1 ~]$scp /rman_backup/* 192.168.100.49:/rman_backup/ --输入oracle用户密码

2、创建物理备库口令文件

[oracle@node1 ~]$scp /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/orapworcl1 192.168.100.49: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/orapwphydb --输入oracle用户密码

3、修改物理备库初始化参数

[oracle@dg dbs]$ cat initphydb.ora

phydb.__db_cache_size=1862270976

phydb.__java_pool_size=16777216

phydb.__large_pool_size=33554432

phydb.__oracle_base='/u01/app/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment

phydb.__pga_aggregate_target=838860800

phydb.__sga_target=2516582400

phydb.__shared_io_pool_size=0

phydb.__shared_pool_size=570425344

phydb.__streams_pool_size=0

*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/phydb/adump'

*.audit_trail='db'

*.cluster_database=false

*.compatible='11.2.0.4.0'

*.control_files='+DATA/phydb/controlfile/control.ctl'

*.core_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/phydb/cdump'

*.db_block_size=8192

*.db_create_file_dest='+DATA'

*.db_domain=''

*.db_file_name_convert='+DATA/orcl/','+DATA/phydb/'

*.db_name='orcl'

*.db_recovery_file_dest='+FLASH'

*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4621074432

*.db_unique_name='phydb'

*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'

*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=orclXDB)'

*.fal_client='phydb'

*.fal_server='orcl1','orcl2'

*.log_archive_config='dg_config=(orcl,phydb)'

*.log_archive_dest_1='location=USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=phydb'

*.log_archive_dest_2='service=orcl1 valid_for=(online_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=orcl'

*.log_archive_format='ARC_%t_%S_%r.arc'

*.log_file_name_convert='+DATA/orcl/','+DATA/phydb'

*.open_cursors=300

*.pga_aggregate_target=836763648

*.processes=150

*.remote_login_passwordfile='exclusive'

*.sga_target=2510290944

*.service_names='phydb'

*.standby_file_management='auto'

*.thread=1

*.undo_management='auto'

*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'

[oracle@dg dbs]$

4、配置rac主库及物理备库tnsnames.ora文件

[oracle@dg admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora

# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora

# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

ORCL =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = scan-cluster)(PORT = 1521))

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVER = DEDICATED)

(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)

)

orcl1 =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.100.42)(PORT = 1521))

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVER = DEDICATED)

(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)

(INSTANCE_NAME = orcl1)

)

orcl2 =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.100.44)(PORT = 1521))

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVER = DEDICATED)

(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)

(INSTANCE_NAME = orcl2)

)

phydb =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.100.49)(PORT = 1521))

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVER = DEDICATED)

(SERVICE_NAME = phydb)

)

[oracle@dg admin]$

六、创建物理备库

1、物理备库启动nomount状态、通过rman恢复物理备库控制文件

SQL>atartup nomount

[oracle@dg admin]$rman target /

RMAN>restore standby controlfile from '/rman_backup/standby_0gnpvd65_1_1.ctl';

2、启动物理备库到mount状态，通过rman restore物理备库

SQL>alter database open;

RMAN>run {

allocate channel c1 type disk;

allocate channel c2 type disk;

allocate channel c3 type disk;

allocate channel c4 type disk;

restore database;

release channel c1;

release channel c2;

release channel c3;

release channel c4;

}

3、备库上创建standby logfile

SQL>select * from v$logfile;

SQL> select * from v$standby_log;

no rows selected

SQL> alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 5 size 50m,group 6 size 50m,group 7 size 50m;

Database altered.

SQL>

SQL> alter database add standby logfile thread 2 group 8 size 50m,group 9 size 50m,group 10 size 50m;

Database altered.

4、调整rac主库参数

SQL> show parameter spfile;

SQL> show parameter log_arch

SQL>alter system set log_archive_dest_2='service=phydb lgwr sync valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=phydb' sid='*';

SQL>alter system set log_archive_config='dg_config=(orcl,phydb)' sid='*';

5、备库接收主库日志并应用主库日志

SQL>select sequence#,name,applied from v$archived_log;

SQL>alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;

6、物理备库以只读方式打开

SQL>select dbid,name,switchover_status,db_unique_name,database_role,open_mode,current_scn from v$database;

SQL>alter database recover managed standby database cancel;

SQL> alter database open;

SQL>alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;

SQL>select sequence#,name,applied from v$archived_log;

至此，active dataguard配置成功。

7、测试主备库同步功能

文件同步

数据同步

8、配置主备库的DATAGUARD SWITCHOVER功能

① 主库修改相关参数fal_client、fal_server：

SQL> alter system set fal_client='devdb1' sid='devdb1'; --节点1

System altered.

SQL> alter system set fal_client='devdb2' sid='devdb2'; --节点2

System altered.

SQL> alter system set fal_server='phydb' sid='*';

System altered.

② 主库创建standby logfile：

SQL>select * from v$logfile;

SQL>select * from v$standby_log;

SQL> alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 5 size 50m,group 6 size 50m,group 7 size 50m;

Database altered.

SQL>

SQL> alter database add standby logfile thread 2 group 8 size 50m,group 9 size 50m,group 10 size 50m;

Database altered.

③ 主库修改相关参数standby_file_management 、db_file_name_convert 、log_file_name_convert：

SQL> alter system set standby_file_management=auto sid='*';

System altered.

SQL> alter system set db_file_name_convert='+DATA/phydb/','+DATA/orcl/' sid='*' scope=spfile;

System altered.

SQL> alter system set log_file_name_convert='+DATA/phydb/','+DATA/orcl/' sid='*' scope=spfile;

System altered.

重启数据库。

④ 停止RAC 节点2：rac主库只运行一个节点、如果物理备库也是rac的，也需要仅仅留下一个节点运行。

⑤ RAC 节点1 切换原RAC 主库到备库：

alter database commit to switchover to physical standby with session shutdown;

⑥ 切换原物理备库到主库角色：

alter database commit to switchover to primary;

⑦ 将原RAC 主库2 个实例都启动到MOUNT 状态：

shutdown immediate

[grid@node1 ~]$ srvctl start database -d orcl -o mount

⑧ 原RAC 主库启动redo apply：

SQL> alter database recover managed standby database using current

logfile disconnect from session;

⑨ 原RAC 主库停止redo apply，并将RAC 主库所有节点以READ ONLY 打开：

alter database recover managed standby database cancel;

9、单实例主库，rac备库角色切换

①查看单实例主库状态

select dbid,name,current_scn,protection_mode,database_role,force_logging,open_mode,switchover_status from gv$database;

②查看rac备库状态

select dbid,name,current_scn,protection_mode,database_role,force_logging,open_mode,switchover_status from gv$database;

③停止rac节点2：

shutdown immediate

④切换单实例主库为备库

alter database commit to switchover to physical standby with session shutdown;

⑤将rac备库切换成主库

alter database recover managed standby database cancel; --停掉应用日志

alter database commit to switchover to primary; --切换

⑥启动rac节点2并查看状态

startup

select dbid,name,current_scn,protection_mode,database_role,force_logging,open_mode,switchover_status from gv$database;

⑦恢复单实例备库

alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;