Flutter 多线程实现

异步Isolate实现多线程

 

最近在看Flutter开发相关知识点，对照着Android原生,探究了下多线程实现方式。在Flutter中有 Isolate，隔离,它的实现原理并不是内存共享的，它更像是一个进程。

最简单的 compute

import 'dart:convert';

main(List<String> args) {
  String jsonString = '''{ "id":"1234", "name":"hahaha"}''';
  People people = parseJson(jsonString);
  print(people.name);
}

Student parseJson(String json) {
  Map<String, dynamic> map = jsonDecode(json);
  return People.fromJson(map);
}

class People{
  String id;
  String name;
  People({this.id, this.name});
  factory People.fromJson(Map parsedJson) {
    return People(id: parsedJson['id'], name: parsedJson['name']);
  }
}

我们需要把上面代码放入isolate中执行

isolate

Future<People> loadPeople(String json) {
  return compute(parseJson, json);
}

Student parseJson(String json) {
  Map<String, dynamic> map = jsonDecode(json);
  return People.fromJson(map);
}

compute是 Flutter 的 api ，帮我们封装了 isolate，使用十分简单，但是也有局限性， 它没有办法多次返回结果，也没有办法持续性的传值计算，

每次调用，相当于新建一个隔离，如果同时调用过多的话反而会多次开辟内存。在某些业务下，我们可以使用compute，

但是在另外一些业务下，我们只能使用dart提供的 isolate了。这个有点像AIDL和Messager的关系。

 

import 'dart:convert';
import 'dart:isolate';

main(List<String> args) async {
  await start();
}

Isolate isolate;

start() async {
  //创建接收端口，用来接收子线程消息
  ReceivePort receivePort = ReceivePort();

  //创建并发Isolate，并传入主线程发送端口
  isolate = await Isolate.spawn(entryPoint, receivePort.sendPort);
  //监听子线程消息
  receivePort.listen((data) {
    print('Data：$data');
  });
}

//并发Isolate
entryPoint(SendPort sendPort) {
  String jsonString = '''{ "id":"123", "name":"张三"}''';
  People people = parseJson(jsonString);
  sendPort.send(people);
}

Student parseJson(String json) {
  Map<String, dynamic> map = jsonDecode(json);
  return People.fromJson(map);
}

class people {
  String id;
  String name;
  People({this.id, this.name});
  factory People.fromJson(Map parsedJson) {
    return People(id: parsedJson['id'], name: parsedJson['name']);
  }
}

我们需要从主线程传参给子线程，或者像线程池一样可以管理这个isolate，那么我们就需要实现双向通信：

import 'dart:isolate';

main(List<String> args) async {
// 在主线程里面
  await start();
  await Future.delayed(Duration(seconds: 1), () {
    threadPort.send('主线程');
    print('1');
  });
  await Future.delayed(Duration(seconds: 1), () {
    threadPort.send('我也来自主线程');
    print('2');
  });
  await Future.delayed(Duration(seconds: 1), () {
    threadPort.send('end');
    print('3');
  });
}

Isolate isolate;
//子线程发送端口
SendPort threadPort;
start() async {
// 在主线程
  //创建主线程接收端口，用来接收子线程消息
  ReceivePort receivePort = ReceivePort();

  //创建并发Isolate，并传入主线程发送端口
  isolate = await Isolate.spawn(entryPoint, receivePort.sendPort);
  //监听子线程消息
  receivePort.listen((data) {
    print('主线程收到来自子线程的消息$data');
    if (data is SendPort) {
      threadPort = data;
    }
  });
}

//并发Isolate
entryPoint(dynamic message) {
  // 在子线程里面
  //创建子线程接收端口，用来接收主线程消息
  ReceivePort receivePort = ReceivePort();

  SendPort sendPort;
  print('==entryPoint==$message');
  if (message is SendPort) {
    sendPort = message;
    print('子线程开启');
    sendPort.send(receivePort.sendPort);
    //监听子线程消息
    receivePort.listen((data) {
      print('子线程收到来自主线程的消息$data');
      assert(data is String);
      if (data == 'end') {
        isolate?.kill();
        isolate = null;
        print('子线程结束');
        return;
      }
    });
    return;
  }
}

双向通信比较复杂，所以我们需要封装下，通过 api 让外部调用：

import 'dart:async';
import 'dart:isolate';

main(List<String> args) async {
  var worker = Worker();
  worker.reuqest('发送消息1').then((data) {
    print('子线程处理后的消息:$data');
  });

  Future.delayed(Duration(seconds: 2), () {
    worker.reuqest('发送消息2').then((data) {
      print('子线程处理后的消息:$data');
    });
  });
}

class Worker {
  SendPort _sendPort;
  Isolate _isolate;
  final _isolateReady = Completer<void>();
  final Map<Capability, Completer> _completers = {};

  Worker() {
    init();
  }

  void dispose() {
    _isolate.kill();
  }

  Future reuqest(dynamic message) async {
    await _isolateReady.future;
    final completer = new Completer();
    final requestId = new Capability();
    _completers[requestId] = completer;
    _sendPort.send(new _Request(requestId, message));
    return completer.future;
  }

  Future<void> init() async {
　　// 在主线程里面
    final receivePort = ReceivePort();
    final errorPort = ReceivePort();
    errorPort.listen(print);
    receivePort.listen(_handleMessage);
    _isolate = await Isolate.spawn(
      _isolateEntry,
      receivePort.sendPort,
      onError: errorPort.sendPort,
    );
  }

  void _handleMessage(message) {
    if (message is SendPort) {
      _sendPort = message;
      _isolateReady.complete();
      return;
    }
    if (message is _Response) {
      final completer = _completers[message.requestId];
      if (completer == null) {
        print("Invalid request ID received.");
      } else if (message.success) {
        completer.complete(message.message);
      } else {
        completer.completeError(message.message);
      }
      return;
    }
    throw UnimplementedError("Undefined behavior for message: $message");
  }

  static void _isolateEntry(dynamic message) {
　　// 在子线程里面
    SendPort sendPort;
    final receivePort = ReceivePort();

    receivePort.listen((dynamic message) async {
      if (message is _Request) {
        print('子线程收到：${message.message}');
        sendPort.send(_Response.ok(message.requestId, '处理后的消息'));
        return;
      }
    });

    if (message is SendPort) {
      sendPort = message;
      sendPort.send(receivePort.sendPort);
      return;
    }
  }
}

class _Request {
  /// The ID of the request so the response may be associated to the request's future completer.
  final Capability requestId;

  /// The actual message of the request.
  final dynamic message;

  const _Request(this.requestId, this.message);
}

class _Response {
  /// The ID of the request this response is meant to.
  final Capability requestId;

  /// Indicates if the request succeeded.
  final bool success;

  /// If [success] is true, holds the response message.
  /// Otherwise, holds the error that occured.
  final dynamic message;

  const _Response.ok(this.requestId, this.message) : success = true;

  const _Response.error(this.requestId, this.message) : success = false;
}