flutter填坑之旅（环境搭建篇--mac系统）

上次配置过Mac到flutter环境，但是由于最近系统更新了，什么都没了又得从新配置，发现自己竟然好多都忘记了，看来还是得把它记下来才行

在Mac上安装并运行Flutter 最低要求：

操作系统：macOS(64-bit)
磁盘空间：700MB(不包括Xcode或者Android Studio的磁盘空间)
工具：Flutter 依赖这些命令行工具bash curl git 2.x mkdir rm unzip which (可以使用检测一下没有都安装上免得后期出问题)

mac安装git可以参考https://www.jianshu.com/p/7edb6b838a2e

一、设置 Flutter 镜像

配置flutter国内镜像

// 直接到用户目录 下 运行 open -e .bash_profile 在文件中增加如下

export PUB_HOSTED_URL=https://pub.flutter-io.cn

export FLUTTER_STORAGE_BASE_URL=https://storage.flutter-io.cn

注意这个镜像地址不能保证永远可以用，得随时关注Useing Flutter in China这个官网

二、获取Flutter SDK

2.1 下载flutter sdk

flutter官网获取对应得flutter sdk https://flutter.dev/docs/development/tools/sdk/releases?tab=macos

推荐最好下载 stable channel这个稳定版本

2.2 解压



## development 这个根据自己实际得目录更改

$ cd ~/development

## 下面～/ 后得目录和下载得flutter版本根据自己实际名称更改

$ unzip ~/Downloads/flutter_macos_v1.2.1-stable.zip

具体操作：



taodeMacBook-Pro:~ tao$ cd ~/dev-flutter/

taodeMacBook-Pro:dev-flutter tao$ ls

android-sdk

taodeMacBook-Pro:dev-flutter tao$ unzip ~/Downloads/flutter_macos_v1.7.8+hotfix.4-stable.zip

taodeMacBook-Pro:dev-flutter tao$ ls

android-sdk	flutter

taodeMacBook-Pro:dev-flutter tao$

taodeMacBook-Pro:dev-flutter tao$ ls flutter/

AUTHORS			README.md		examples

CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md	analysis_options.yaml	flutter_console.bat

CONTRIBUTING.md		bin			flutter_root.iml

LICENSE			dartdoc_options.yaml	packages

PATENTS			dev			version

taodeMacBook-Pro:dev-flutter tao$

2.3 添加flutter相关工具到path中

 export PATH="$PATH:`pwd`/flutter/bin"

该命令只是一次性的，对当前对terminal 设置里一个flutter的环境变量，等关闭里电脑下次又得重新设置，想要设置个永久性的还是要

将解压得路径配置到.bash_profile中去

输入命令打开.bash_profile



taodeMacBook-Pro:dev-flutter tao$ open ~/.bash_profile

taodeMacBook-Pro:dev-flutter tao$

在最后增加如下内容：



export PATH=/Users/tao/dev-flutter/flutter/bin:$PATH

export ANDROID_HOME="/Users/tao/Library/Android/sdk"

export PATH=${PATH}:${ANDROID_HOME}/tools

export PATH=${PATH}:${ANDROID_HOME}/platform-tools

export PUB_HOSTED_URL=https://pub.flutter-io.cn

export FLUTTER_STORAGE_BASE_URL=https://storage.flutter-io.cnexport PATH="/usr/local/opt/gettext/bin:$PATH"

其中export PATH=/Users/tao/dev-flutter/flutter/bin:$PATH 这个是配置的flutter

解压的目录（需要指定到flutter下面到bin目录下）

其中export ANDROID_HOME="/Users/tao/Library/Android/sdk"配置里Android sdk 路径

taodeMacBook-Pro:dev-flutter tao$ flutter doctor

  ╔════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗

  ║ A new version of Flutter is available!                                     ║

  ║                                                                            ║

  ║ To update to the latest version, run "flutter upgrade".                    ║

  ╚════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝

Doctor summary (to see all details, run flutter doctor -v):

[!] Flutter (Channel stable, v1.7.8+hotfix.4, on Mac OS X 10.15 19A602, locale

    zh-Hans-CN)

    ✗ Downloaded executables cannot execute on host.

      See https://github.com/flutter/flutter/issues/6207 for more information

[✓] Android toolchain - develop for Android devices (Android SDK version 29.0.2)

[!] Xcode - develop for iOS and macOS (Xcode 11.1)

    ✗ CocoaPods not installed.

        CocoaPods is used to retrieve the iOS and macOS platform side's plugin

        code that responds to your plugin usage on the Dart side.

        Without CocoaPods, plugins will not work on iOS or macOS.

        For more info, see https://flutter.dev/platform-plugins

      To install:

        brew install cocoapods

        pod setup

[✓] iOS tools - develop for iOS devices

[✓] Android Studio (version 3.5)

[✓] IntelliJ IDEA Ultimate Edition (version 2018.3.4)

[!] Connected device

    ! No devices available

! Doctor found issues in 3 categories.

taodeMacBook-Pro:dev-flutter tao$

运行flutter doctor 进行环境检测，会发现用很多依赖缺失，根据提示一一安装

但是还有一个提示我的mac和我下载的flutter好像不兼容

Doctor summary (to see all details, run flutter doctor -v):

[!] Flutter (Channel stable, v1.7.8+hotfix.4, on Mac OS X 10.15 19A602, locale

    zh-Hans-CN)

    ✗ Downloaded executables cannot execute on host.

      See https://github.com/flutter/flutter/issues/6207 for more information

直接运行flutter upgrade 安装个最新版本的就好了



taodeMacBook-Pro:dev-flutter tao$ flutter upgrade

Upgrading Flutter from /Users/tao/dev-flutter/flutter...

../../third_party/dart/runtime/bin/snapshot_utils.cc: 149: error: Failed to memory map snapshot: /Users/tao/dev-flutter/flutter/bin/cache/dart-sdk/bin/snapshots/kernel-service.dart.snapshot

version=2.4.0 (Wed Jun 19 11:53:45 2019 +0200) on "macos_x64"

thread=5891, isolate=(null)(0x0)

注意️命令中请使用 sudo 否则有些会提示错误

像这个执行个flutter doctor都报错

taodeMacBook-Pro:repos tao$ flutter doctor

Failed to write the version file to the artifact cache: "FileSystemException:

Cannot open file, path = '/Users/tao/dev-flutter/flutter/version' (OS Error:

Permission denied, errno = 13)".

Please ensure you have permissions in the artifact cache directory.

Failed to write the version file

废话少说继续吧…

## 在执行一次

taodeMacBook-Pro:dev-flutter tao$ sudo flutter doctor -v

   Woah! You appear to be trying to run flutter as root.

   We strongly recommend running the flutter tool without superuser privileges.

  /

Downloading Dart SDK from Flutter engine d004bcd4d619fc3574761d63d7cf7b7291332c79...

  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current

                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed

100  121M  100  121M    0     0  4763k      0  0:00:26  0:00:26 --:--:-- 3986k

## 这里还会有很多下载，就不贴了

## 最后会显示flutter及dart 版本信息和缺失的依赖

taodeMacBook-Pro:dev-flutter tao$ sudo flutter doctor

Password:

   Woah! You appear to be trying to run flutter as root.

   We strongly recommend running the flutter tool without superuser privileges.

  /

Downloading Dart SDK from Flutter engine b863200c37df4ed378042de11c4e9ff34e4e58c9...

  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current

                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed

100  263M  100  263M    0     0  5236k      0  0:00:51  0:00:51 --:--:-- 5379k

Building flutter tool...

Doctor summary (to see all details, run flutter doctor -v):

[✓] Flutter (Channel stable, v1.9.1+hotfix.6, on Mac OS X 10.15 19A602, locale

    zh-Hans-CN)

[✓] Android toolchain - develop for Android devices (Android SDK version 29.0.2)

[!] Xcode - develop for iOS and macOS (Xcode 11.1)

    ✗ CocoaPods installed but not working.

        You appear to have CocoaPods installed but it is not working.

        This can happen if the version of Ruby that CocoaPods was installed with

        is different from the one being used to invoke it.

        This can usually be fixed by re-installing CocoaPods. For more info, see

        https://github.com/flutter/flutter/issues/14293.

      To re-install CocoaPods, run:

        sudo gem install cocoapods

[✓] Android Studio (version 3.5)

[✓] IntelliJ IDEA Ultimate Edition (version 2018.3.4)

[!] Connected device

    ! No devices available

! Doctor found issues in 2 categories.

看提示好像还差一个cocoapods 再手工装一个

注意️Mac 中文件查找使用 which directoryName 而不建议使用 find ~/ -name 'directoryName'



sudo gem install cocoapods

但是会发现执行了如上命令几次依然提示通用错误，解决方法是



taodeMacBook-Pro:dev-flutter tao$ cd ~/.cocoapods/repos

taodeMacBook-Pro:repos tao$ git clone https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/CocoaPods/Specs.git master

fatal: 目标路径 'master' 已经存在，并且不是一个空目录。

taodeMacBook-Pro:repos tao$ ls

master

taodeMacBook-Pro:repos tao$ rm -rf master/

taodeMacBook-Pro:repos tao$

taodeMacBook-Pro:repos tao$

taodeMacBook-Pro:repos tao$ git clone https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/CocoaPods/Specs.git master

正克隆到 'master'...

手动删除老版本，克隆新版本

这个方法最后证实是失败的…



 brew reinstall libimobiledevice

 brew install --HEAD libimobiledevice

 brew upgrade cocoapods

全部都又执行了一次，最后依然报错麻麻但，不晓得咋搞，ruby我东重新装过了

最后我去官网从新下载了个flutter_macos_v1.9.1+hotfix.5-stable.zip

然后解压测试了妈蛋垃圾问题(推测是Mac版本兼容问题，出错都版本是10.14.1 而目前最新都版本为10.15.1)



taodeMacBook-Pro:dev-flutter tao$ unzip ~/Downloads/flutter_macos_v1.9.1+hotfix.5-stable.zip

taodeMacBook-Pro:dev-flutter tao$ flutter doctor

Doctor summary (to see all details, run flutter doctor -v):

[✓] Flutter (Channel stable, v1.9.1+hotfix.5, on Mac OS X 10.15.1 19B88, locale zh-Hans-CN)

[✓] Android toolchain - develop for Android devices (Android SDK version 29.0.2)

[✓] Xcode - develop for iOS and macOS (Xcode 11.1)

[✓] Android Studio (version 3.5)

[✓] IntelliJ IDEA Ultimate Edition (version 2018.3.4)

[!] Connected device

    ! No devices available

! Doctor found issues in 1 category.

还有输入flutter doctor 会提示

这个千万别点击 移到废纸篓；那样flutter运行就会出问题了

三、IOS开发环境设置

3.1 Xcode 安装

1、直接去Apple store 下载对应得Xcode 然后安装这个没有什么说的

点击下载得图标

在启动台里得右下角你会看见一个正在下载得xcode

安装完成再安装些必须的组件

2、配置Xcode 命令行工具以使用新安装得Xcode版本



$ sudo xcode-select --switch /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer

注意/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer 对应得是自己得Xcode 得安装路径

3、打开Xcode 许可协议,执行如下命令



$ sudo xcodebuild -license

3.2 设置iOS 模拟器

使用命令开启iOS模拟器



$ sudo open -a Simulator

四、Android开发环境设置

官网下载 android studio :https://developer.android.google.cn/studio)

下载完成直接点着左边得Android Studio 拖到右边得Applications文件里去，他就会提示你安装了

接下来就是下一步下一步直到安装结束

安装完成后记得配置安装dart和flutter 插件

配置dart

五、新建项目

控制台执行 flutter create proj_name



taodeMacBook-Pro:flutter-project tao$ flutter create my_first_app_test

  my_first_app_test/.idea/workspace.xml (created)

Running "flutter pub get" in my_first_app_test...                   3.1s

Wrote 65 files.

All done!

[✓] Flutter is fully installed. (Channel stable, v1.9.1+hotfix.5, on Mac OS X

    10.15.1 19B88, locale zh-Hans-CN)

[✓] Android toolchain - develop for Android devices is fully installed. (Android

    SDK version 29.0.2)

[✓] Xcode - develop for iOS and macOS is fully installed. (Xcode 11.1)

[✓] Android Studio is fully installed. (version 3.5)

[✓] IntelliJ IDEA Ultimate Edition is fully installed. (version 2018.3.4)

[!] Connected device is not available.

Run "flutter doctor" for information about installing additional components.

In order to run your application, type:

  $ cd my_first_app_test

  $ flutter run

Your application code is in my_first_app_test/lib/main.dart.

然后flutter run直接来跑一哈

## 启动iOS模拟器

taodeMacBook-Pro:flutter-project tao$ open -a Simulator

taodeMacBook-Pro:flutter-project tao$ ls

my_app			my_first_app		my_first_app_test

taodeMacBook-Pro:flutter-project tao$ cd my_first_app_test/

taodeMacBook-Pro:my_first_app_test tao$ flutter run