python 标准库获取网络信息

c语言ioctl定义的常量 /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/ioctls.h

/* Copyright (C) 1996-2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
   This file is part of the GNU C Library.

   The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
   modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
   License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
   version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

   The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
   Lesser General Public License for more details.

   You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
   License along with the GNU C Library; if not, see
   <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */

#ifndef _SYS_IOCTL_H
# error "Never use <bits/ioctls.h> directly; include <sys/ioctl.h> instead."
#endif

/* Use the definitions from the kernel header files.  */
#include <asm/ioctls.h>

/* Routing table calls.  */
#define SIOCADDRT   0x890B      /* add routing table entry  */
#define SIOCDELRT   0x890C      /* delete routing table entry   */
#define SIOCRTMSG   0x890D      /* call to routing system   */

/* Socket configuration controls. */
#define SIOCGIFNAME 0x8910      /* get iface name       */
#define SIOCSIFLINK 0x8911      /* set iface channel        */
#define SIOCGIFCONF 0x8912      /* get iface list       */
#define SIOCGIFFLAGS    0x8913      /* get flags            */
#define SIOCSIFFLAGS    0x8914      /* set flags            */
#define SIOCGIFADDR 0x8915      /* get PA address       */
#define SIOCSIFADDR 0x8916      /* set PA address       */
#define SIOCGIFDSTADDR  0x8917      /* get remote PA address    */
#define SIOCSIFDSTADDR  0x8918      /* set remote PA address    */
#define SIOCGIFBRDADDR  0x8919      /* get broadcast PA address */
#define SIOCSIFBRDADDR  0x891a      /* set broadcast PA address */
#define SIOCGIFNETMASK  0x891b      /* get network PA mask      */
#define SIOCSIFNETMASK  0x891c      /* set network PA mask      */
#define SIOCGIFMETRIC   0x891d      /* get metric           */
#define SIOCSIFMETRIC   0x891e      /* set metric           */
#define SIOCGIFMEM  0x891f      /* get memory address (BSD) */
#define SIOCSIFMEM  0x8920      /* set memory address (BSD) */
#define SIOCGIFMTU  0x8921      /* get MTU size         */
#define SIOCSIFMTU  0x8922      /* set MTU size         */
#define SIOCSIFNAME 0x8923      /* set interface name       */
#define SIOCSIFHWADDR   0x8924      /* set hardware address     */
#define SIOCGIFENCAP    0x8925      /* get/set encapsulations       */
#define SIOCSIFENCAP    0x8926
#define SIOCGIFHWADDR   0x8927      /* Get hardware address     */
#define SIOCGIFSLAVE    0x8929      /* Driver slaving support   */
#define SIOCSIFSLAVE    0x8930
#define SIOCADDMULTI    0x8931      /* Multicast address lists  */
#define SIOCDELMULTI    0x8932
#define SIOCGIFINDEX    0x8933      /* name -> if_index mapping */
#define SIOGIFINDEX SIOCGIFINDEX    /* misprint compatibility :-)   */
#define SIOCSIFPFLAGS   0x8934      /* set/get extended flags set   */
#define SIOCGIFPFLAGS   0x8935
#define SIOCDIFADDR 0x8936      /* delete PA address        */
#define SIOCSIFHWBROADCAST  0x8937  /* set hardware broadcast addr  */
#define SIOCGIFCOUNT    0x8938      /* get number of devices */

#define SIOCGIFBR   0x8940      /* Bridging support     */
#define SIOCSIFBR   0x8941      /* Set bridging options     */

#define SIOCGIFTXQLEN   0x8942      /* Get the tx queue length  */
#define SIOCSIFTXQLEN   0x8943      /* Set the tx queue length  */

/* ARP cache control calls. */
            /*  0x8950 - 0x8952  * obsolete calls, don't re-use */
#define SIOCDARP    0x8953      /* delete ARP table entry   */
#define SIOCGARP    0x8954      /* get ARP table entry      */
#define SIOCSARP    0x8955      /* set ARP table entry      */

/* RARP cache control calls. */
#define SIOCDRARP   0x8960      /* delete RARP table entry  */
#define SIOCGRARP   0x8961      /* get RARP table entry     */
#define SIOCSRARP   0x8962      /* set RARP table entry     */

/* Driver configuration calls */

#define SIOCGIFMAP  0x8970      /* Get device parameters    */
#define SIOCSIFMAP  0x8971      /* Set device parameters    */

/* DLCI configuration calls */

#define SIOCADDDLCI 0x8980      /* Create new DLCI device   */
#define SIOCDELDLCI 0x8981      /* Delete DLCI device       */

/* Device private ioctl calls.  */

/* These 16 ioctls are available to devices via the do_ioctl() device
   vector.  Each device should include this file and redefine these
   names as their own. Because these are device dependent it is a good
   idea _NOT_ to issue them to random objects and hope.  */

#define SIOCDEVPRIVATE      0x89F0  /* to 89FF */

/*
 *  These 16 ioctl calls are protocol private
 */

#define SIOCPROTOPRIVATE 0x89E0 /* to 89EF */

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import socket, fcntl, struct
import re

# https://docs.python.org/2/library/fcntl.html

with open('/proc/net/route', 'r') as f:
    for line in f:
        m = re.match('(\S+)\s+(\S+)\s+(\S+)\s+.*', line)
        if m.group(1) !='Iface' and m.group(2) == '00000000' and m.group(3) != '00000000':
            interface = m.group(1)
            gateway =  '.'.join([
                str(int(m.group(3)[6:8], 16)),
                str(int(m.group(3)[4:6], 16)),
                str(int(m.group(3)[2:4], 16)),
                str(int(m.group(3)[0:2], 16))
            ])

s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
ip = socket.inet_ntoa(fcntl.ioctl(s.fileno(), 0x8915, struct.pack('256s', interface))[20:24])
netmask = socket.inet_ntoa(fcntl.ioctl(s.fileno(), 0x891b, struct.pack('256s', interface))[20:24])

if __name__ == '__main__':
    print '%s: %s / %s / %s' % (interface, ip, netmask, gateway)

# eth0: 192.168.28.143 / 255.255.255.0 / 192.168.28.3