Spring AOP 报错：Error creating bean with name 'student' defined in file

问题概述

Spring AOP 报错，一直显示：Error creating bean with name 'student' defined in file 的报错。从五个方向排查：第一，aspectj 包的 scope 是不是 runtime；第二，jar 包是否导全，第三，jar 包的版本是否过低；第四，xml 配置文件；第五，切入点表达式是否正确。

点击查看具体的报错信息

警告: Exception encountered during context initialization - cancelling refresh attempt: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'student' defined in file [E:\DevProjects\JavaProjects\java-learning\03-framework\01-spring\chapter02\target\classes\com\aop\Student.class]: Initialization of bean failed; nested exception is java.lang.ExceptionInInitializerError
Exception in thread "main" org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'student' defined in file [E:\DevProjects\JavaProjects\java-learning\03-framework\01-spring\chapter02\target\classes\com\aop\Student.class]: Initialization of bean failed; nested exception is java.lang.ExceptionInInitializerError
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:564)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:483)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:306)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:230)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:302)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:197)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:761)
	at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:866)
	at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:542)
	at org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.<init>(ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.java:139)
	at org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.<init>(ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.java:83)
	at com.aop.Main.main(Main.java:9)
Caused by: java.lang.ExceptionInInitializerError
	at org.springframework.aop.framework.CglibAopProxy.createEnhancer(CglibAopProxy.java:236)
	at org.springframework.aop.framework.CglibAopProxy.getProxy(CglibAopProxy.java:179)
	at org.springframework.aop.framework.ProxyFactory.getProxy(ProxyFactory.java:109)
	at org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.AbstractAutoProxyCreator.createProxy(AbstractAutoProxyCreator.java:469)
	at org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.AbstractAutoProxyCreator.wrapIfNecessary(AbstractAutoProxyCreator.java:349)
	at org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.AbstractAutoProxyCreator.postProcessAfterInitialization(AbstractAutoProxyCreator.java:298)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.applyBeanPostProcessorsAfterInitialization(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:423)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1633)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:555)
	... 11 more
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalStateException: Unable to load cache item
	at org.springframework.cglib.core.internal.LoadingCache.createEntry(LoadingCache.java:79)
	at org.springframework.cglib.core.internal.LoadingCache.get(LoadingCache.java:34)
	at org.springframework.cglib.core.AbstractClassGenerator$ClassLoaderData.get(AbstractClassGenerator.java:116)
	at org.springframework.cglib.core.AbstractClassGenerator.create(AbstractClassGenerator.java:291)
	at org.springframework.cglib.core.KeyFactory$Generator.create(KeyFactory.java:221)
	at org.springframework.cglib.core.KeyFactory.create(KeyFactory.java:174)
	at org.springframework.cglib.core.KeyFactory.create(KeyFactory.java:153)
	at org.springframework.cglib.proxy.Enhancer.<clinit>(Enhancer.java:73)
	... 20 more
Caused by: java.lang.ExceptionInInitializerError
	at org.springframework.cglib.core.KeyFactory$Generator.generateClass(KeyFactory.java:243)
	at org.springframework.cglib.core.DefaultGeneratorStrategy.generate(DefaultGeneratorStrategy.java:25)
	at org.springframework.cglib.core.AbstractClassGenerator.generate(AbstractClassGenerator.java:329)
	at org.springframework.cglib.core.AbstractClassGenerator$ClassLoaderData$3.apply(AbstractClassGenerator.java:93)
	at org.springframework.cglib.core.AbstractClassGenerator$ClassLoaderData$3.apply(AbstractClassGenerator.java:91)
	at org.springframework.cglib.core.internal.LoadingCache$2.call(LoadingCache.java:54)
	at java.base/java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:264)
	at org.springframework.cglib.core.internal.LoadingCache.createEntry(LoadingCache.java:61)
	... 27 more
Caused by: java.lang.reflect.InaccessibleObjectException: Unable to make protected final java.lang.Class java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass(java.lang.String,byte[],int,int,java.security.ProtectionDomain) throws java.lang.ClassFormatError accessible: module java.base does not "opens java.lang" to unnamed module @5552768b
	at java.base/java.lang.reflect.AccessibleObject.checkCanSetAccessible(AccessibleObject.java:354)
	at java.base/java.lang.reflect.AccessibleObject.checkCanSetAccessible(AccessibleObject.java:297)
	at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.checkCanSetAccessible(Method.java:200)
	at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.setAccessible(Method.java:194)
	at org.springframework.cglib.core.ReflectUtils$1.run(ReflectUtils.java:54)
	at java.base/java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(AccessController.java:318)
	at org.springframework.cglib.core.ReflectUtils.<clinit>(ReflectUtils.java:44)
	... 35 more

Process finished with exit code 1

排查问题

aspectj

如果你的 IDE 是 IDEA，导入 aspectj 依赖包时，其 Scope 有可能是 runtime。其实，这个问题很容易发现，因为 Scope 不是 Compiler 的话，@Aspect 这个注解就无法导包。

多少个 jar 包

要使用 Spring AOP，必须导入以下 6 个 jar 包：

1. spring-beans；
2. spring-context；
3. spring-aop；
4. spring-aspects；
5. aopalliance；
6. aspectj

jar 包版本过低

博主之前用的都是 4.3.6 版本的 jar 包，经过版本调整，索性全部设置最新版本，也就是 5.3.23 版本（截止至2022年10月25日）。以下是我运行正确的 jar 包数量和 jar 包版本：

<dependency>
  <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
  <version>5.3.23</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
  <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
  <version>5.3.23</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
  <groupId>javax.annotation</groupId>
  <artifactId>javax.annotation-api</artifactId>
  <version>1.3.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
  <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
  <version>5.3.23</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
  <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
  <version>5.3.23</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
  <groupId>aopalliance</groupId>
  <artifactId>aopalliance</artifactId>
  <version>1.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
  <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
  <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
  <version>1.9.9.1</version>
</dependency>

配置文件是否正确

注意配置文件头标签上的配置信息，xmlns:aop、xmlns:context 等，单词拼写不要错。组件（Bean）扫描的包范围也不要写错，一定要在这个范围内，否则不能扫描：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">

  <context:component-scan base-package="com.aop"/>
  <context:annotation-config/>
  <aop:aspectj-autoproxy/>

</beans>

切入点表达式是否正确

切入点表达式是否写正确？切入点表达式的基本形式都是execution(* com.*.*())。其中，通配符*非常重要。具体的语法查网上其他的资料。