MongoDB入门（3）- MongoDB备份与恢复

1. 备份

MongoDB提供了备份工具，mongodump.exe，在bin目录下，其用法如下：

mongodump.exe -h localhost -d database_name -o d:\mongodump

-h：MongDB所在服务器地址，例如：127.0.0.1，当然也可以指定端口号：127.0.0.1:27017
-d：需要备份的数据库实例，例如：database_name
-o：备份的数据存放位置，例如：d:\mongodump，当然该目录需要提前建立，在备份完成后，
系统自动在dump目录下建立一个database_name目录，这个目录里面存放该数据库实例的备份数据。

mongodump说明:

Export MongoDB data to BSON files.

Options:
  --help                                produce help message
  -v [ --verbose ]                      be more verbose (include multiple times
                                        for more verbosity e.g. -vvvvv)
  --quiet                               silence all non error diagnostic
                                        messages
  --version                             print the program's version and exit
  -h [ --host ] arg                     mongo host to connect to ( <set
                                        name>/s1,s2 for sets)
  --port arg                            server port. Can also use --host
                                        hostname:port
  --ipv6                                enable IPv6 support (disabled by
                                        default)
  -u [ --username ] arg                 username
  -p [ --password ] arg                 password
  --authenticationDatabase arg          user source (defaults to dbname)
  --authenticationMechanism arg (=MONGODB-CR)
                                        authentication mechanism
  --gssapiServiceName arg (=mongodb)    Service name to use when authenticating
                                        using GSSAPI/Kerberos
  --gssapiHostName arg                  Remote host name to use for purpose of
                                        GSSAPI/Kerberos authentication
  --dbpath arg                          directly access mongod database files
                                        in the given path, instead of
                                        connecting to a mongod  server - needs
                                        to lock the data directory, so cannot
                                        be used if a mongod is currently
                                        accessing the same path
  --directoryperdb                      each db is in a separate directory
                                        (relevant only if dbpath specified)
  --journal                             enable journaling (relevant only if
                                        dbpath specified)
  -d [ --db ] arg                       database to use
  -c [ --collection ] arg               collection to use (some commands)
  -o [ --out ] arg (=dump)              output directory or "-" for stdout
  -q [ --query ] arg                    json query
  --oplog                               Use oplog for point-in-time
                                        snapshotting
  --repair                              try to recover a crashed database
  --forceTableScan                      force a table scan (do not use
                                        $snapshot)
  --dumpDbUsersAndRoles                 Dump user and role definitions for the
                                        given database

2. 恢复

mongorestore.exe -h localhost -d database_name –directoryperdb d:\mongodump\database_name

mongorestore.exe -h localhost /db jxs_database /dir d:\dbdump\jxs_database

-h：MongoDB所在服务器地址
-d：需要恢复的数据库实例，例如：database_name，当然这个名称也可以和备份时候的不一样，比如test2
–directoryperdb：备份数据所在位置，例如：d:\mongodump\database_name
–drop：恢复的时候，先删除当前数据，然后恢复备份的数据。就是说，恢复后，备份后添加修改的数据都会被删除，慎用.

mongorestore说明：

Import BSON files into MongoDB.

usage: mongorestore [options] [directory or filename to restore from]
Options:
  --help                                produce help message
  -v [ --verbose ]                      be more verbose (include multiple times
                                        for more verbosity e.g. -vvvvv)
  --quiet                               silence all non error diagnostic
                                        messages
  --version                             print the program's version and exit
  -h [ --host ] arg                     mongo host to connect to ( <set
                                        name>/s1,s2 for sets)
  --port arg                            server port. Can also use --host
                                        hostname:port
  --ipv6                                enable IPv6 support (disabled by
                                        default)
  -u [ --username ] arg                 username
  -p [ --password ] arg                 password
  --authenticationDatabase arg          user source (defaults to dbname)
  --authenticationMechanism arg (=MONGODB-CR)
                                        authentication mechanism
  --gssapiServiceName arg (=mongodb)    Service name to use when authenticating
                                        using GSSAPI/Kerberos
  --gssapiHostName arg                  Remote host name to use for purpose of
                                        GSSAPI/Kerberos authentication
  --dbpath arg                          directly access mongod database files
                                        in the given path, instead of
                                        connecting to a mongod  server - needs
                                        to lock the data directory, so cannot
                                        be used if a mongod is currently
                                        accessing the same path
  --directoryperdb                      each db is in a separate directory
                                        (relevant only if dbpath specified)
  --journal                             enable journaling (relevant only if
                                        dbpath specified)
  -d [ --db ] arg                       database to use
  -c [ --collection ] arg               collection to use (some commands)
  --objcheck                            validate object before inserting
                                        (default)
  --noobjcheck                          don't validate object before inserting
  --filter arg                          filter to apply before inserting
  --drop                                drop each collection before import
  --oplogReplay                         replay oplog for point-in-time restore
  --oplogLimit arg                      include oplog entries before the
                                        provided Timestamp (seconds[:ordinal])
                                        during the oplog replay; the ordinal
                                        value is optional
  --keepIndexVersion                    don't upgrade indexes to newest version
  --noOptionsRestore                    don't restore collection options
  --noIndexRestore                      don't restore indexes
  --restoreDbUsersAndRoles              Restore user and role definitions for
                                        the given database
  --w arg (=0)                          minimum number of replicas per write

3. 单collection备份

mongoexport -h dbhost -d dbname -c collectionname -f collectionKey -o dbdirectory

-h: MongoDB所在服务器地址
-d: 需要恢复的数据库实例
-c: 需要恢复的集合
-f: 需要导出的字段(省略为所有字段)
-o: 表示导出的文件名

mongoexport说明

Export MongoDB data to CSV, TSV or JSON files.

Options:
  --help                                produce help message
  -v [ --verbose ]                      be more verbose (include multiple times
                                        for more verbosity e.g. -vvvvv)
  --quiet                               silence all non error diagnostic
                                        messages
  --version                             print the program's version and exit
  -h [ --host ] arg                     mongo host to connect to ( <set
                                        name>/s1,s2 for sets)
  --port arg                            server port. Can also use --host
                                        hostname:port
  --ipv6                                enable IPv6 support (disabled by
                                        default)
  -u [ --username ] arg                 username
  -p [ --password ] arg                 password
  --authenticationDatabase arg          user source (defaults to dbname)
  --authenticationMechanism arg (=MONGODB-CR)
                                        authentication mechanism
  --gssapiServiceName arg (=mongodb)    Service name to use when authenticating
                                        using GSSAPI/Kerberos
  --gssapiHostName arg                  Remote host name to use for purpose of
                                        GSSAPI/Kerberos authentication
  --dbpath arg                          directly access mongod database files
                                        in the given path, instead of
                                        connecting to a mongod  server - needs
                                        to lock the data directory, so cannot
                                        be used if a mongod is currently
                                        accessing the same path
  --directoryperdb                      each db is in a separate directory
                                        (relevant only if dbpath specified)
  --journal                             enable journaling (relevant only if
                                        dbpath specified)
  -d [ --db ] arg                       database to use
  -c [ --collection ] arg               collection to use (some commands)
  -f [ --fields ] arg                   comma separated list of field names
                                        e.g. -f name,age
  --fieldFile arg                       file with field names - 1 per line
  -q [ --query ] arg                    query filter, as a JSON string, e.g.,
                                        '{x:{$gt:1}}'
  --csv                                 export to csv instead of json
  -o [ --out ] arg                      output file; if not specified, stdout
                                        is used
  --jsonArray                           output to a json array rather than one
                                        object per line
  -k [ --slaveOk ] arg (=1)             use secondaries for export if
                                        available, default true
  --forceTableScan                      force a table scan (do not use
                                        $snapshot)
  --skip arg (=0)                       documents to skip, default 0
  --limit arg (=0)                      limit the numbers of documents
                                        returned, default all
  --sort arg                            sort order, as a JSON string, e.g.,
                                        '{x:1}'

4. 单collection恢复

mongoimport -d dbhost -c collectionname –type csv –headerline –file

-type: 指明要导入的文件格式
-headerline: 批明不导入第一行，因为第一行是列名
-file: 指明要导入的文件路径

mongoimport说明

Import CSV, TSV or JSON data into MongoDB.

When importing JSON documents, each document must be a separate line of the input file.

Example:
  mongoimport --host myhost --db my_cms --collection docs < mydocfile.json

Options:
  --help                                produce help message
  -v [ --verbose ]                      be more verbose (include multiple times
                                        for more verbosity e.g. -vvvvv)
  --quiet                               silence all non error diagnostic
                                        messages
  --version                             print the program's version and exit
  -h [ --host ] arg                     mongo host to connect to ( <set
                                        name>/s1,s2 for sets)
  --port arg                            server port. Can also use --host
                                        hostname:port
  --ipv6                                enable IPv6 support (disabled by
                                        default)
  -u [ --username ] arg                 username
  -p [ --password ] arg                 password
  --authenticationDatabase arg          user source (defaults to dbname)
  --authenticationMechanism arg (=MONGODB-CR)
                                        authentication mechanism
  --gssapiServiceName arg (=mongodb)    Service name to use when authenticating
                                        using GSSAPI/Kerberos
  --gssapiHostName arg                  Remote host name to use for purpose of
                                        GSSAPI/Kerberos authentication
  --dbpath arg                          directly access mongod database files
                                        in the given path, instead of
                                        connecting to a mongod  server - needs
                                        to lock the data directory, so cannot
                                        be used if a mongod is currently
                                        accessing the same path
  --directoryperdb                      each db is in a separate directory
                                        (relevant only if dbpath specified)
  --journal                             enable journaling (relevant only if
                                        dbpath specified)
  -d [ --db ] arg                       database to use
  -c [ --collection ] arg               collection to use (some commands)
  -f [ --fields ] arg                   comma separated list of field names
                                        e.g. -f name,age
  --fieldFile arg                       file with field names - 1 per line
  --ignoreBlanks                        if given, empty fields in csv and tsv
                                        will be ignored
  --type arg                            type of file to import.  default: json
                                        (json,csv,tsv)
  --file arg                            file to import from; if not specified
                                        stdin is used
  --drop                                drop collection first
  --headerline                          first line in input file is a header
                                        (CSV and TSV only)
  --upsert                              insert or update objects that already
                                        exist
  --upsertFields arg                    comma-separated fields for the query
                                        part of the upsert. You should make
                                        sure this is indexed
  --stopOnError                         stop importing at first error rather
                                        than continuing
  --jsonArray                           load a json array, not one item per
                                        line. Currently limited to 16MB.