用Python编写一个简单的Http Server

Python内置了支持HTTP协议的模块，我们可以用来开发单机版功能较少的Web服务器。Python支持该功能的实现模块是BaseFTTPServer，我们只需要在项目中引入就可以了:

from BaseHTTPServer import BaseHTTPRequestHandler,HTTPServer

Hello world !

Let’s start with the first basic example. It just return “Hello World !” on the web browser.
让我们来看第一个基本例子，在浏览器上输出”Hello World ”
example1.py

#!/usr/bin/python

from BaseHTTPServer import BaseHTTPRequestHandler,HTTPServer

PORT_NUMBER = 8080

#This class will handles any incoming request from

#the browser

class myHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):

    #Handler for the GET requests

    def do_GET(self):

        self.send_response(200)

        self.send_header('Content-type','text/html')

        self.end_headers()

        # Send the html message

        self.wfile.write("Hello World !")

        return

try:

    #Create a web server and define the handler to manage the

    #incoming request

    server = HTTPServer(('', PORT_NUMBER), myHandler)

    print 'Started httpserver on port ' , PORT_NUMBER

    #Wait forever for incoming htto requests

    server.serve_forever()

except KeyboardInterrupt:

    print '^C received, shutting down the web server'

    server.socket.close()

执行以下命令运行:

python example1.py

用你的浏览器打开这个地址http://your_ip:8080
浏览器上将会显示”Hello World !” 同时在终端上将会出现两条日志信息：

Started httpserver on port 8080
10.55.98.7 - - [30/Jan/2012 15:40:52] “GET / HTTP/1.1” 200 -
10.55.98.7 - - [30/Jan/2012 15:40:52] “GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1” 200 -

Serve static files

让我们来尝试下提供静态文件的例子，像index.html, style.css, javascript和images:

example2.py

#!/usr/bin/python

from BaseHTTPServer import BaseHTTPRequestHandler,HTTPServer

from os import curdir, sep

PORT_NUMBER = 8080

#This class will handles any incoming request from

#the browser

class myHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):

    #Handler for the GET requests

    def do_GET(self):

        if self.path=="/":

            self.path="/index_example2.html"

        try:

            #Check the file extension required and

            #set the right mime type

            sendReply = False

            if self.path.endswith(".html"):

                mimetype='text/html'

                sendReply = True

            if self.path.endswith(".jpg"):

                mimetype='image/jpg'

                sendReply = True

            if self.path.endswith(".gif"):

                mimetype='image/gif'

                sendReply = True

            if self.path.endswith(".js"):

                mimetype='application/javascript'

                sendReply = True

            if self.path.endswith(".css"):

                mimetype='text/css'

                sendReply = True

            if sendReply == True:

                #Open the static file requested and send it

                f = open(curdir + sep + self.path)

                self.send_response(200)

                self.send_header('Content-type',mimetype)

                self.end_headers()

                self.wfile.write(f.read())

                f.close()

            return

        except IOError:

            self.send_error(404,'File Not Found: %s' % self.path)

try:

    #Create a web server and define the handler to manage the

    #incoming request

    server = HTTPServer(('', PORT_NUMBER), myHandler)

    print 'Started httpserver on port ' , PORT_NUMBER

    #Wait forever for incoming htto requests

    server.serve_forever()

except KeyboardInterrupt:

    print '^C received, shutting down the web server'

    server.socket.close()

这个新样例实现功能：

检查请求文件扩展名
设置正确的媒体类型返回给浏览器
打开请求的文件
发送给浏览器

输入如下命令运行它:

python example2.py

然后用你的浏览器打开 http://your_ip:8080
一个首页会出现在你的浏览器上

Read data from a form

现在探索下如何从html表格中读取数据

example3.py

#!/usr/bin/python

from BaseHTTPServer import BaseHTTPRequestHandler,HTTPServer

from os import curdir, sep

import cgi

PORT_NUMBER = 8080

#This class will handles any incoming request from

#the browser

class myHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):

    #Handler for the GET requests

    def do_GET(self):

        if self.path=="/":

            self.path="/index_example3.html"

        try:

            #Check the file extension required and

            #set the right mime type

            sendReply = False

            if self.path.endswith(".html"):

                mimetype='text/html'

                sendReply = True

            if self.path.endswith(".jpg"):

                mimetype='image/jpg'

                sendReply = True

            if self.path.endswith(".gif"):

                mimetype='image/gif'

                sendReply = True

            if self.path.endswith(".js"):

                mimetype='application/javascript'

                sendReply = True

            if self.path.endswith(".css"):

                mimetype='text/css'

                sendReply = True

            if sendReply == True:

                #Open the static file requested and send it

                f = open(curdir + sep + self.path)

                self.send_response(200)

                self.send_header('Content-type',mimetype)

                self.end_headers()

                self.wfile.write(f.read())

                f.close()

            return

        except IOError:

            self.send_error(404,'File Not Found: %s' % self.path)

    #Handler for the POST requests

    def do_POST(self):

        if self.path=="/send":

            form = cgi.FieldStorage(

                fp=self.rfile,

                headers=self.headers,

                environ={'REQUEST_METHOD':'POST',

                         'CONTENT_TYPE':self.headers['Content-Type'],

            })

            print "Your name is: %s" % form["your_name"].value

            self.send_response(200)

            self.end_headers()

            self.wfile.write("Thanks %s !" % form["your_name"].value)

            return          

try:

    #Create a web server and define the handler to manage the

    #incoming request

    server = HTTPServer(('', PORT_NUMBER), myHandler)

    print 'Started httpserver on port ' , PORT_NUMBER

    #Wait forever for incoming htto requests

    server.serve_forever()

except KeyboardInterrupt:

    print '^C received, shutting down the web server'

    server.socket.close()

运行这个例子:

python example3.py

在 “Your name” 标签旁边输入你的名字