原题链接在这里:https://leetcode.com/problems/shortest-palindrome/

题目:

Given a string S, you are allowed to convert it to a palindrome by adding characters in front of it. Find and return the shortest palindrome you can find by performing this transformation.

For example:

Given "aacecaaa", return "aaacecaaa".

Given "abcd", return "dcbabcd".

题解:

求s前缀和 reverse s 后缀最长重合.

Time Complexity: O(n ^ 2).

Space: O(n).

AC Java:

 class Solution {
public String shortestPalindrome(String s) {
if(s == null || s.length() == 0){
return s;
} int n = s.length();
String rev = new StringBuilder(s).reverse().toString();
for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
if(s.substring(0, n - i).equals(rev.substring(i))){
return rev.substring(0, i) + s;
}
} return rev + s;
}
}
其实求最短回文串,其实可以看作两个字符串求两串中的最长匹配字符,比如 串 “ abcd”

  • 注意,由于这里一个串可以是回文串,所以此处的前缀和后缀应该分别加上最后一个和第一个字符
就是求“abcd”和反串”dcba“的前缀和后缀最大匹配长度

原始串 前缀 反转串 后缀 最大匹配
abcd a ab abc abcd dcba a ba cba dcba a

由上面可以看出,abcd和dcba的最长匹配为a,一个字符,那么最后的回文串就是 反转串的长度4减去匹配长度1,得到3, 即反转串的前三个字符加上 原始串组成 ”abcabcd“

KMP算法中曾今和相似的利用过最大前缀和后缀求next[]数组,如果我们这样看 将原始串S和反转串R形成一个新串New

S+#+反转   =  abcd#dcba 

Note: 这里之所以要加上#是为了防止p[New.length()-1]的值要大于s.length().

另外需要注意如下例子,产生了aabba, 如果不加"#", 前面和反转相加正好产生了一个很长的palindrome.

Input:"aabba"
Output:"aabba"
Expected:"abbaabba"
另外最后要加空格是因为next 把标记右移了一位,加空格是为了让这一位显现出来。
Time Complexity: O(n). Space: O(n).

AC Java:

 public class Solution {
public String shortestPalindrome(String s) {
if(s == null || s.length() <=1){
return s;
}
StringBuilder rev = new StringBuilder(s);
//add "#" 为了防止next后面的数字大于 s的长度,并且s本身能和后面产生palindrome, 如"aabba"
String mirror = s + "#" + rev.reverse().toString() + " ";
int [] next = new int[mirror.length()];
getNext(mirror,next);
StringBuilder res = new StringBuilder(s.substring(next[next.length-1]));
return res.reverse().toString() + s;
}
private void getNext(String s, int [] next){
next[0] = -1;
int k = -1;
int j = 0;
while(j<s.length()-1){
if(k==-1 || s.charAt(k) == s.charAt(j)){
k++;
j++;
next[j] = k;
}else{
k=next[k];
}
}
}
}

类似Implement strStr().

参考了这篇帖子:http://blog.csdn.net/yujin753/article/details/47047155

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