oracle更改字符集为zhs16GBK

PDB
alter pluggable database PDBANBOB open;
alter session set container=pdbanbob;
ALTER SYSTEM ENABLE RESTRICTED SESSION;
ALTER DATABASE CHARACTER SET INTERNAL_USE ZHS16GBK;
No_cdb
2.查询当前字符集
SQL> select * from nls_database_parameters where parameter='NLS_CHARACTERSET';
PARAMETER VALUE
---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------
NLS_CHARACTERSET WE8ISO8859P1
 3.关闭数据库
SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
 4.启动数据库到mount状态

SQL> startup mount
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 205520896 bytes
Fixed Size 1266608 bytes
Variable Size 100666448 bytes
Database Buffers 100663296 bytes
Redo Buffers 2924544 bytes
Database mounted.

5.限制session
SQL> alter system enable restricted session;
System altered.
6.查询相关参数并修改

SQL> show parameter job_queue_processes;
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
job_queue_processes integer 10
SQL> show parameter aq_tm_processes;
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
aq_tm_processes integer 0
SQL> alter system set job_queue_processes=0;
System altered.

7.打开数据库
SQL> alter database open;
Database altered.
8.修改字符集
SQL> alter database character set ZHS16GBK;
alter database character set ZHS16GBK
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-12712: new character set must be a superset of old character set
出现错误提示，新字符集必须是老字符集的超集，也就原来字符集是新字符集的子集，可以再Oracle官方文档上查询字符集包含关系。下面使用Oracle内部命令internal_use，跳过超集检查，生产环境不建议使用此方法。
SQL> alter database character set internal_use ZHS16GBK;
Database altered.
9.查询当前字符集
SQL> select * from nls_database_parameters where parameter='NLS_CHARACTERSET';
PARAMETER VALUE
---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------
NLS_CHARACTERSET ZHS16GBK
10.关闭数据库
SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
11.启动数据库到mount状态

SQL> startup mount
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 205520896 bytes
Fixed Size 1266608 bytes
Variable Size 100666448 bytes
Database Buffers 100663296 bytes
Redo Buffers 2924544 bytes
Database mounted.

12.将相关参数改回原来值
SQL> alter system set job_queue_processes=10;
System altered.
13.打开数据库
SQL> alter database open;
Database altered.

来自 <https://www.cnblogs.com/siyunianhua/p/4004327.html>

普通数据库

SQL> conn / as sysdba
已连接。
SQL> select userenv('language') from dual;

USERENV('LANGUAGE')
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.AL32UTF8

SQL> shutdown immediate
数据库已经关闭。
已经卸载数据库。
ORACLE 例程已经关闭。
SQL> STARTUP MOUNT EXCLUSIVE;
ORACLE 例程已经启动。

Total System Global Area 2533359616 bytes
Fixed Size 3835256 bytes
Variable Size 738200200 bytes
Database Buffers 1778384896 bytes
Redo Buffers 12939264 bytes
数据库装载完毕。
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM ENABLE RESTRICTED SESSION;

系统已更改。

SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET JOB_QUEUE_PROCESSES=0;

系统已更改。

SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET AQ_TM_PROCESSES=0;

系统已更改。

SQL> ALTER DATABASE OPEN;

数据库已更改。

SQL> ALTER DATABASE CHARACTER SET INTERNAL_USE ZHS16GBK;

数据库已更改。

SQL> ALTER DATABASE NATIONAL CHARACTER SET INTERNAL_USE AL16UTF16;

数据库已更改。

SQL> SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE
数据库已经关闭。
已经卸载数据库。
ORACLE 例程已经关闭。
SQL> STARTUP
ORACLE 例程已经启动。

Total System Global Area 2533359616 bytes
Fixed Size 3835256 bytes
Variable Size 738200200 bytes
Database Buffers 1778384896 bytes
Redo Buffers 12939264 bytes
数据库装载完毕。
数据库已经打开。
SQL> select userenv('language') from dual;

USERENV('LANGUAGE')
----------------------------------------------------
SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.ZHS16GBK

SQL> col parameter format a32;
SQL> col value format a32;
SQL> select * from nls_database_parameters;

PARAMETER VALUE
-------------------------------- --------------------------------
NLS_RDBMS_VERSION 12.1.0.2.0
NLS_NCHAR_CONV_EXCP FALSE
NLS_LENGTH_SEMANTICS BYTE
NLS_COMP BINARY
NLS_DUAL_CURRENCY $
NLS_TIMESTAMP_TZ_FORMAT DD-MON-RR HH.MI.SSXFF AM TZR
NLS_TIME_TZ_FORMAT HH.MI.SSXFF AM TZR
NLS_TIMESTAMP_FORMAT DD-MON-RR HH.MI.SSXFF AM
NLS_TIME_FORMAT HH.MI.SSXFF AM
NLS_SORT BINARY
NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE AMERICAN

PARAMETER VALUE
-------------------------------- --------------------------------
NLS_DATE_FORMAT DD-MON-RR
NLS_CALENDAR GREGORIAN
NLS_NUMERIC_CHARACTERS .,
NLS_NCHAR_CHARACTERSET AL16UTF16
NLS_CHARACTERSET ZHS16GBK
NLS_ISO_CURRENCY AMERICA
NLS_CURRENCY $
NLS_TERRITORY AMERICA
NLS_LANGUAGE AMERICAN