linux下gdal的python包的安装

由于python包是从C++包编译出来的，所以需要先下载源码进行编译安装。
1. gdal下载
http://download.osgeo.org/gdal/CURRENT/
sudo ./configure --with-python --with-geos=geos-config的路径
sudo make
sudo make install

注：安装失败重新编译之前，使用make clean清除一下上次的内容。

2. 然后进入到swig/python目录下
sudo python setup.py build
sudo python setup.py install

gdal帮助文档
https://pcjericks.github.io/py-gdalogr-cookbook/

错误排解

1. ImportError: No module named _gdal

使用sudo find / -name gdal.py查找所在位置

然后用import sys;sys.path查看是否包含当前路径，若不包含，添加到路径中

2. ImportError: libgdal.so.20: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

查找该文件所在路径

sudo find / -name libgdal.so.20

将路径添加到~/.bashrc中

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/usr/local/lib

3. ERROR 6: GEOS support not enabled.

ogr库依赖GEOS包，需要首先安装GEOS，然后再安装gdal。详细可参见参考文章（http://scigeo.org/articles/howto-install-latest-geospatial-software-on-linux.html#gdal）.

一定要下载3.5.0,因为3.4版本有bug。http://download.osgeo.org/geos/geos-3.5.0.tar.bz2

cd /opt/source
wget http://download.osgeo.org/geos/geos-3.5.0.tar.bz2
tar xvjf geos-3.3..tar.bz2
cd geos-3.3.
mkdir build
./configure --prefix=/opt/source/geos-3.5.0/build --enable-python
# compile
make -j$threads
# check compilation result (passes on Ubuntu; may get errors on CentOS, but probably still ok)
make check
# install into build dir
make install
# check install
./build/bin/geos-config --version

参考：

1. http://scigeo.org/articles/howto-install-latest-geospatial-software-on-linux.html#gdal