Spring mvc 学习笔记

记录下学习spring-mvc的技术要点,项目结构路径如下:

1. 首先要在web.xml中添加Servlet和filter的配置:

    <!-- 转码,防止乱码-->

     <filter>
        <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
            <param-value>true</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>
    <!-- spring 核心 servlet-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param> <!-- 指定spring 核心的配置文件-->
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>/WEB-INF/spring-servlet.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

2. spring-servlet.xml的配置如下

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd">

    <!-- 导入spring容器的bean
    <import resource="classpath:applicationContext-*.xml" />
    -->
    <!-- 启动注解驱动的Spring MVC功能，注册请求url和注解POJO类方法的映射 -->
    <mvc:annotation-driven />

    <context:annotation-config />
    <!-- 启动包扫描功能，以便注册带有@Controller、@Service、@repository、@Component等注解的类成为spring的bean -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.xx.spring.mvc.demo.controller" />

    <!-- .do 映射对应名字的jsp-->

    <!-- 对模型视图名称的解析，在请求时模型视图名称添加前后缀 -->
     <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"
        p:prefix="/WEB-INF/view/" p:suffix=".jsp" />

    <!--直接转发  将.do请求转发为jsp-->
    <mvc:view-controller path="/add.do" view-name="add"/>

</bean>

3. spring 通过注解方式实现的controller

//表示这是一个controller类
@Controller
//表示这个类所有方法都是在/mvc/myMvc/路径下,其中mvc是项目名
@RequestMapping(value = "/myMvc")
public class DemoController {

    /**
     * 表示对应/mvc/myMvc/zhangsan 这类请求
     * @PathVariable("name") String name 表示将uri的变量作为一个参数使用
     */
    @RequestMapping(value="/{name}")
    public ModelAndView myMvc(@PathVariable("name") String name, HttpServletRequest request,
                              HttpServletResponse response,ModelMap modelMap){
        modelMap.put("name",name);
        /**
         * /welcome 通过下面的配置映射到了 /WEB-INF/view/welcome.jsp上
         <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" p:prefix="/WEB-INF/view/" p:suffix=".jsp" />
         */
        return new ModelAndView("/welcome",modelMap);
    }

    /**
     *
     * @param girl 前台输入页面控件name属性和po类BeautifulGirl的属性一样对应
     *             使用@ModelAttribute命令可以在调用方法前自动封装一个BeautifulGirl的对象girl
     * @param request
     * @param response
     * @param modelMap
     * @return
     */
    @RequestMapping(value = "/addGirl")
    public ModelAndView addUser(@ModelAttribute("girl")BeautifulGirl girl, HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response,ModelMap modelMap){
        modelMap.put("girl",girl);
        return  new ModelAndView("/welcomeGirl",modelMap);
    }

}

4. pojo类 BeautifulGirl

public class BeautifulGirl {

    private String name;
    private int age;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
}

5. add.jsp

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<%
    String path = request.getContextPath();
    String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
    String name = (String)request.getAttribute("name");
%>

<html>
<body>
        <form action="<%=basePath%>/myMvc/addGirl.do" method="post">
            姓名:<input type="text" name="name"/><br>
            年龄:<input type="text" name="age"/><br>
            <input type="submit" value="提交" />

        </form>
</body>
</html>

6. welcomeGirl.jsp

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<%@ page import="com.jd.spring.mvc.demo.po.BeautifulGirl" %>
<%
    String path = request.getContextPath();
    String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
    String name = (String)request.getAttribute("name");
    BeautifulGirl beautifulGirl = (BeautifulGirl)request.getAttribute("girl");
%>

<html>
<body>
        Hello,美女.
        你的名字:<%=beautifulGirl.getName() %> <br>
        你的姓名:<%=beautifulGirl.getAge()%>
</body>
</html>