vector list array deque

因此在实际使用时，如何选择这三个容器中哪一个，应根据你的需要而定，一般应遵循下面
的原则：
  1、如果你需要高效的随即存取，而不在乎插入和删除的效率，使用vector
  2、如果你需要大量的插入和删除，而不关心随即存取，则应使用list
  3、如果你需要随即存取，而且关心两端数据的插入和删除，则应使用deque。

MSDN:

1. Introduction

The STL vector class is a template class of sequence containers that arrange elements of a given type in a linear arrangement and allow fast random access to any element.They should be the preferred container for a sequence when random-access performance is at a premium.

2. Compare

vectors allow constant time insertions and deletions at the end of the sequence.

Inserting or deleting elements in the middle of a vector requires linear time.

The performance of the deque Class container is superior with respect to insertions and deletions at the beginning and end of a sequence.

The list Class container is superior with respect to insertions and deletions at any location within a sequence.

3. Reallocation

Vector reallocation occurs when a member function must increase the sequence contained in the vector object beyond its current storage capacity.

Other insertions and erasures may alter various storage addresses within the sequence.

In all such cases, iterators or references that point at altered portions of the sequence become invalid.

If no reallocation happens, only iterators and references before the insertion/deletion point remain valid.