【Linux】【Services】【Package】yum

Linux程序包管理(2)

 

    CentOS: yum, dnf

 

    URL: ftp://172.16.0.1/pub/ 

 

    YUM: yellow dog, Yellowdog Update Modifier

 

    yum repository: yum repo

        存储了众多rpm包，以及包的相关的元数据文件（放置于特定目录下：repodata）；

 

        文件服务器：

            ftp://

            http://

            nfs://

            file:///

 

    yum客户端：

        配置文件：

            /etc/yum.conf：为所有仓库提供公共配置

            /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo：为仓库的指向提供配置

 

        仓库指向的定义：

        [repositoryID]

        name=Some name for this repository

        baseurl=url://path/to/repository/

        enabled={1|0}

        gpgcheck={1|0}

        gpgkey=URL

        enablegroups={1|0}

        failovermethod={roundrobin|priority}

            默认为：roundrobin，意为随机挑选；

        cost=

            默认为1000

 

 

        教室里的yum源：http://172.16.0.1/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-6.6-x86_64/

        CentOS 6.6 X84_64 epel: http://172.16.0.1/fedora-epel/6/x86_64/

 

    yum命令的用法：

        yum [options] [command] [package ...]

 

       command is one of:

        * install package1 [package2] [...]

        * update [package1] [package2] [...]

        * update-to [package1] [package2] [...]

        * check-update

        * upgrade [package1] [package2] [...]

        * upgrade-to [package1] [package2] [...]

        * distribution-synchronization [package1] [package2] [...]

        * remove | erase package1 [package2] [...]

        * list [...]

        * info [...]

        * provides | whatprovides feature1 [feature2] [...]

        * clean [ packages | metadata | expire-cache | rpmdb | plugins | all ]

        * makecache

        * groupinstall group1 [group2] [...]

        * groupupdate group1 [group2] [...]

        * grouplist [hidden] [groupwildcard] [...]

        * groupremove group1 [group2] [...]

        * groupinfo group1 [...]

        * search string1 [string2] [...]

        * shell [filename]

        * resolvedep dep1 [dep2] [...]

        * localinstall rpmfile1 [rpmfile2] [...]

           (maintained for legacy reasons only - use install)

        * localupdate rpmfile1 [rpmfile2] [...]

           (maintained for legacy reasons only - use update)

        * reinstall package1 [package2] [...]

        * downgrade package1 [package2] [...]

        * deplist package1 [package2] [...]

        * repolist [all|enabled|disabled]

        * version [ all | installed | available | group-* | nogroups* | grouplist | groupinfo ]

        * history [info|list|packages-list|packages-info|summary|addon-info|redo|undo|rollback|new|sync|stats]

        * check

        * help [command]

 

    显示仓库列表：

        repolist [all|enabled|disabled]

 

    显示程序包：

        list

            # yum list [all | glob_exp1] [glob_exp2] [...]

            # yum list {available|installed|updates} [glob_exp1] [...]

 

    安装程序包：

        install package1 [package2] [...]

 

        reinstall package1 [package2] [...]  (重新安装)

 

    升级程序包：

        update [package1] [package2] [...]

 

        downgrade package1 [package2] [...] (降级)

 

    检查可用升级：

        check-update

 

    卸载程序包：

        remove | erase package1 [package2] [...]

 

    查看程序包information：

        info [...]

 

    查看指定的特性(可以是某文件)是由哪个程序包所提供：

        provides | whatprovides feature1 [feature2] [...]

 

    清理本地缓存：

        clean [ packages | metadata | expire-cache | rpmdb | plugins | all ]

 

    构建缓存：

        makecache

 

    搜索：

        search string1 [string2] [...]

 

        以指定的关键字搜索程序包名及summary信息；

 

    查看指定包所依赖的capabilities：

        deplist package1 [package2] [...]

 

    查看yum事务历史：

        history [info|list|packages-list|packages-info|summary|addon-info|redo|undo|rollback|new|sync|stats]

 

    安装及升级本地程序包：

        * localinstall rpmfile1 [rpmfile2] [...]

           (maintained for legacy reasons only - use install)

        * localupdate rpmfile1 [rpmfile2] [...]

           (maintained for legacy reasons only - use update)

 

    包组管理的相关命令：

        * groupinstall group1 [group2] [...]

        * groupupdate group1 [group2] [...]

        * grouplist [hidden] [groupwildcard] [...]

        * groupremove group1 [group2] [...]

        * groupinfo group1 [...]

 

    如何使用光盘当作本地yum仓库：

        (1) 挂载光盘至某目录，例如/media/cdrom

            # mount -r -t iso9660 /dev/cdrom /media/cdrom

        (2) 创建配置文件

        [CentOS7]

        name=

        baseurl=

        gpgcheck=

        enabled=

 

    yum的命令行选项：

        --nogpgcheck：禁止进行gpg check；

        -y: 自动回答为“yes”；

        -q：静默模式；

        --disablerepo=repoidglob：临时禁用此处指定的repo；

        --enablerepo=repoidglob：临时启用此处指定的repo；

        --noplugins：禁用所有插件；

 

    yum的repo配置文件中可用的变量：

        $releasever: 当前OS的发行版的主版本号；

        $arch: 平台；

        $basearch：基础平台；

        $YUM0-$YUM9

 

        http://mirrors.magedu.com/centos/$releasever/$basearch/os

 

    创建yum仓库：

        createrepo [options] <directory>