python自动化测试学习笔记-unittest参数化

做接口测试的时候，当一个参数需要输入多个值的时候，就可以使用参数来实现；

python中unittest单元测试，可以使用nose_parameterized来实现；

首先需要安装：pip  install nose-parameterized,导入该模块；

看下面的例子，一般我们写测试用例的时候会追条定义一个test*（）的方法，然后执行所有测试用例，如下：

import unittest
def calc(a,b):
    res=a+b
    return res

class MyTest(unittest.TestCase):

    def test1(self):
        res=calc(1,2)
        self.assertEqual(res,3)

    def test2(self):
        res=calc(0,0)
        self.assertEqual(0,0)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()

执行查看结果：

aaarticlea/png;base64,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" alt="" />

当传入的值类型相同，我们可以用读取list的方式，进行参数化，自动调用执行，如下：

import unittest
import nose_parameterized
def calc(a,b):
    res=a+b
    return res
data=[
    [1,2,3],
    [0,0,0],
    [9999,0,9999]
]
class MyTest(unittest.TestCase):
　　
　　#参数化,自动的运行list里边的数据
    @nose_parameterized.parameterized.expand(data)
    def test1(self,a,b,e):
        res=calc(a,b)
        self.assertEqual(res,e)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()

上述我们只需要定义一个测试用例方法，使用parameterized方法自动运行data里边的数据，查看执行结果，看到执行了三次：

aaarticlea/png;base64,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" alt="" />

还可以通过调用文件的方式来进行unittest参数化；如果测试数据存在于文件中，首先我们需要定义一个将文件转化成list的方法，我们可以根据文件的不同类型使用不同的方法，封装一个tool模块，定义DataToParam类

import os
import xlrd

class DataToParam(object):
    def file_exist(self,filename):
        if os.path.isfile(filename):
            return True
        else:
            raise Exception('参数化文件不存在')

    def text(self,filename):
        if self.file_exist(filename):
            with open(filename,'r',encoding='utf-8') as f:
                list=[]
                for line in f :
                    list.append(line.strip().split(','))
                return list

    def excel(self,filename):
        if self.file_exist(filename):
            book=xlrd.open_workbook(filename)
            sheet=book.sheet_by_index(0)
            rows=sheet.nrows
            list=[]
            for row in range(rows):
                list.append(sheet.row_values(row))
            return list

调用DataToParam中的函数，将文件转化成list

文件：aaarticlea/png;base64,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" alt="" />

import unittest
from tool import DateToParam
import nose_parameterized
def calc(a,b):
    res=a+b
    return res
class MyTest(unittest.TestCase):

    #参数化,自动的运行list里边的数
    @nose_parameterized.parameterized.expand(DateToParam.excel(r'C:\test\test.xlsx'))

    def test_func(self,a,b,e):
        e=float(e)
        res=calc(a,b)
        self.assertEqual(res,e)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()

执行查看结果：

aaarticlea/png;base64,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" alt="" />