关于android 图片加载优化

android应用对图片处理算是比较频繁的了，尤其是在程序加载大量图片和高分辨率图片时，最容易产生oom异常，下面是个人平时一些省内存加载方法

方法一：

public Bitmap decodeFile(String filePath) {
        Bitmap bitmap = null;
        BitmapFactory.Options options = new BitmapFactory.Options();
        options.inPurgeable = true;
        try {
            BitmapFactory.Options.class.getField("inNativeAlloc").setBoolean(
                    options, true);
        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (SecurityException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (NoSuchFieldException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        if (mFilePath != null) {
            bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeFile(mFilePath, options);
        }
        return bitmap;
    }

方法二：

public Bitmap ReadBitMap(Context context, int resId){    

            BitmapFactory.Options opt = new BitmapFactory.Options();    

            opt.inPreferredConfig = Bitmap.Config.RGB_565;     

            opt.inPurgeable = true;    

            opt.inInputShareable = true;    

            //获取资源图片    

            InputStream is = context.getResources().openRawResource(resId);    

                return BitmapFactory.decodeStream(is,null,opt);    

        }    

如果你的控件大小小于原始图片大小，那么就需要对图片进行压缩处理，来减少内存使用。

现在知道了原图片的尺寸，根据实际情况决定你要加载它缩小多少倍后的图片。例如你用一个128x96的ImageView显示一张1024x768的原图，根本没有必要把原图读加载到内存。
加载一张缩小后的图片到内存，只需要把BitmapFactory.Options对象的inSampleSize设为true，
然后给inSampleSize设一个值就行了（可以理解inSampleSize为n，图片就缩小到1/n大小）。

public static Bitmap decodeSampledBitmapFromResource(Resources res, int resId,
        int reqWidth, int reqHeight) {  

    // First decode with inJustDecodeBounds=true to check dimensions
    final BitmapFactory.Options options = new BitmapFactory.Options();
    options.inJustDecodeBounds = true;
    BitmapFactory.decodeResource(res, resId, options);  

    // Calculate inSampleSize
    options.inSampleSize = calculateInSampleSize(options, reqWidth, reqHeight);  

    // Decode bitmap with inSampleSize set
    options.inJustDecodeBounds = false;
    return BitmapFactory.decodeResource(res, resId, options);
}
public static int calculateInSampleSize(
            BitmapFactory.Options options, int reqWidth, int reqHeight) {
    // Raw height and width of image
    final int height = options.outHeight;
    final int width = options.outWidth;
    int inSampleSize = 1;  

    if (height > reqHeight || width > reqWidth) {
        if (width > height) {
            inSampleSize = Math.round((float)height / (float)reqHeight);
        } else {
            inSampleSize = Math.round((float)width / (float)reqWidth);
        }
    }
    return inSampleSize;
}  

方法三：使用内存缓存

对于缓存，没有大小或者规则适用于所有应用，它依赖于你分析自己应用的内存使用确定自己的方案。 缓存太小可能只会增加额外的内存使用，缓存太大可能会导致内存溢出或者应用其它模块可使用内存太小

private LruCache<String, Bitmap> mMemoryCache;

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    ...
    // Get max available VM memory, exceeding this amount will throw an
    // OutOfMemory exception. Stored in kilobytes as LruCache takes an
    // int in its constructor.
    final int maxMemory = (int) (Runtime.getRuntime().maxMemory() / 1024);

    // Use 1/8th of the available memory for this memory cache.
    final int cacheSize = maxMemory / 8;

    mMemoryCache = new LruCache<String, Bitmap>(cacheSize) {
        @Override
        protected int sizeOf(String key, Bitmap bitmap) {
            // The cache size will be measured in kilobytes rather than
            // number of items.
            return bitmap.getByteCount() / 1024;
        }
    };
    ...
}

public void addBitmapToMemoryCache(String key, Bitmap bitmap) {
    if (getBitmapFromMemCache(key) == null) {
        mMemoryCache.put(key, bitmap);
    }
}

public Bitmap getBitmapFromMemCache(String key) {
    return mMemoryCache.get(key);
}

加载压缩后的图片到ImageView显示

public void loadBitmap(int resId, ImageView imageView) {
    final String imageKey = String.valueOf(resId);

    final Bitmap bitmap = getBitmapFromMemCache(imageKey);
    if (bitmap != null) {
        mImageView.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
    } else {
        mImageView.setImageResource(R.drawable.image_placeholder);
        BitmapWorkerTask task = new BitmapWorkerTask(mImageView);
        task.execute(resId);
    }
}

BitmapWorkerTask加载图片后，也要把图片缓存到内存中：

class BitmapWorkerTask extends AsyncTask {
    ...
    // Decode image in background.
    @Override
    protected Bitmap doInBackground(Integer... params) {
        final Bitmap bitmap = decodeSampledBitmapFromResource(
                getResources(), params[0], 100, 100));
        addBitmapToMemoryCache(String.valueOf(params[0]), bitmap);
        return bitmap;
    }
    ...
}  

方法四：使用磁盘缓存

你的应用也有可能被其他任务打断，如电话呼入，应用在后台有可能会被结束，这样缓存的数据也会丢失。 当用户回到应用时，所有的图片还需要重新获取一遍。 磁盘缓存可应用到这种场景中，它可以减少你获取图片的次数，当然，从磁盘获取图片比从内存中获取要慢的多，所以它需要在非UI线程中完成。 示例代码中是磁盘缓存的一个实现，在Android4.0源码中（libcore/luni/src/main/java/libcore/io/DiskLruCache.java）， 有更加强大和推荐的一个实现，它的向后兼容使在已发布过的库中很方便使用它

private DiskLruCache mDiskCache;
private static final int DISK_CACHE_SIZE = 1024 * 1024 * 10; // 10MB
private static final String DISK_CACHE_SUBDIR = "thumbnails";

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    ...
    // Initialize memory cache
    ...
    File cacheDir = getCacheDir(this, DISK_CACHE_SUBDIR);
    mDiskCache = DiskLruCache.openCache(this, cacheDir, DISK_CACHE_SIZE);
    ...
}

class BitmapWorkerTask extends AsyncTask {
    ...
    // Decode image in background.
    @Override
    protected Bitmap doInBackground(Integer... params) {
        final String imageKey = String.valueOf(params[0]);

        // Check disk cache in background thread
        Bitmap bitmap = getBitmapFromDiskCache(imageKey);

        if (bitmap == null) { // Not found in disk cache
            // Process as normal
            final Bitmap bitmap = decodeSampledBitmapFromResource(
                    getResources(), params[0], 100, 100));
        }

        // Add final bitmap to caches
        addBitmapToCache(String.valueOf(imageKey, bitmap);

        return bitmap;
    }
    ...
}

public void addBitmapToCache(String key, Bitmap bitmap) {
    // Add to memory cache as before
    if (getBitmapFromMemCache(key) == null) {
        mMemoryCache.put(key, bitmap);
    }

    // Also add to disk cache
    if (!mDiskCache.containsKey(key)) {
        mDiskCache.put(key, bitmap);
    }
}

public Bitmap getBitmapFromDiskCache(String key) {
    return mDiskCache.get(key);
}

// Creates a unique subdirectory of the designated app cache directory. Tries to use external
// but if not mounted, falls back on internal storage.
public static File getCacheDir(Context context, String uniqueName) {
    // Check if media is mounted or storage is built-in, if so, try and use external cache dir
    // otherwise use internal cache dir
    final String cachePath = Environment.getExternalStorageState() == Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED
            || !Environment.isExternalStorageRemovable() ?
                    context.getExternalCacheDir().getPath() : context.getCacheDir().getPath();

    return new File(cachePath + File.separator + uniqueName);
}

运行时的配置改变，例如屏幕横竖屏切换了有好的用户体验，你可能不想在这种情况下，重新获取一遍图片。
幸好你可以使用上面讲的内存缓存。缓存可以通过使用一个Fragment（调用setRetainInstance(true)被传到新的Activity，
当新的Activity被创建后，只需要重新附加Fragment，你就可以得到这个Fragment并访问到存在的缓存，把里面的图片快速的显示出来

private LruCache mMemoryCache;

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    ...
    RetainFragment mRetainFragment =
            RetainFragment.findOrCreateRetainFragment(getFragmentManager());
    mMemoryCache = RetainFragment.mRetainedCache;
    if (mMemoryCache == null) {
        mMemoryCache = new LruCache(cacheSize) {
            ... // Initialize cache here as usual
        }
        mRetainFragment.mRetainedCache = mMemoryCache;
    }
    ...
}

class RetainFragment extends Fragment {
    private static final String TAG = "RetainFragment";
    public LruCache mRetainedCache;

    public RetainFragment() {}

    public static RetainFragment findOrCreateRetainFragment(FragmentManager fm) {
        RetainFragment fragment = (RetainFragment) fm.findFragmentByTag(TAG);
        if (fragment == null) {
            fragment = new RetainFragment();
        }
        return fragment;
    }

    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setRetainInstance(true);
    }
}