Android KitKat 4.4 Wifi移植AP模式和网络共享的调试日志

Tethering技术在移动平台上已经运用的越来越广泛了。它能够把移动设备当做一个接入点，其它的设备能够通过Wi-Fi。USB或是Bluetooth等方式连接到此移动设备。在Android中能够将Wifi设为AP模式作为WLAN接入点。从而与其它设备共享Android的互联网连接。Android成为接入点后。就无法通过WLAN连接使用Android的应用程序訪问互联网，但能够通过其它方式如以太网或移动网络訪问互联网。

此时以太网或移动网络在网络共享（Tethering）中是作为upstream的角色。

近期在Atmel的SAMA5D3-EK开发板上调试Wifi模块。须要在Android下实现Tethering，通过Wi-Fi的AP模式。将网络连接共享给其他设备。

开发板上一个有线网卡(eth0)，一个无线网卡(wlan0)。eth0连接到外网，wlan0作为AP共享给其它设备比方Android手机，使得Android手机能够通过开发板连接到外网。

硬件平台：Atmel SAMA5

软件平台：Linux 3.10 +Android 4.4

Wifi模组：RTL8723AU(USB接口)

由于使用的内核是厂商基于主线内核开发的，尽管主线内核中加入了Android的基本支持，但并不全然。

在做Android移植时，假设发现Android上层的某些功能缺乏内核的支持，能够依据Google维护的AndroidLinux内核将对应的更改应用到厂商Linux内核中，在前文《Android KitKat 4.4平台开发-加入USBADB和MTP功能支持》中就是使用的这样的方法。

整个Wifi移植过程，Wifi模组厂商Realtek给出了具体的过程。但内容仅仅涉及Wifi驱动及Android部分。使用哪个Linux内核以及内核怎样配置须要我们自己决定。

依照Realtek提供的移植文档进行AndroidWifi的移植，在測试Wifi
网络共享功能时出现例如以下问题：

在“设置”程序“网络共享与便携式热点”中，打开“便携式Wi-Fi热点”。并没有真正开启Wifi热点。而是对应单选框不断关开，如此重复。

对于在測试Android功能时出现的异常情况。一般在log中会存在对应的错误信息，尽管并非绝对准确，但调试时应该考虑先分析log信息，尝试从中定位导致异常发生的代码位置。

经过一番分析猜測。例如以下高亮显示的log信息非常有可能是诱发异常发生的关键代码点。

V/NatController(972): enableNat(intIface=<wlan0>, extIface=<eth0>)

V/NatController(972): runCmd(/system/bin/iptables -t nat -A natctrl_nat_POSTROUTING -o eth0 -jMASQUERADE) res=0

V/NatController(972): runCmd(/system/bin/iptables -A natctrl_FORWARD -i eth0 -o wlan0 -m state--state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -g natctrl_tether_counters) res=0

D/dalvikvm(1339): GC_CONCURRENT freed 373K, 54% free 6723K/14460K, paused 44ms+14ms, total219ms

V/NatController(972): runCmd(/system/bin/iptables -A natctrl_FORWARD -i wlan0 -o eth0 -m state--state INVALID -j DROP) res=0

V/NatController(972): runCmd(/system/bin/iptables -A natctrl_FORWARD -i wlan0 -o eth0 -gnatctrl_tether_counters) res=0

V/NatController( 972): runCmd(/system/bin/iptables-A natctrl_tether_counters -i wlan0 -o eth0 -m quota2 --name wlan0_eth0 --grow-j RETURN) res=1

V/NatController(972): runCmd(/system/bin/iptables -D natctrl_FORWARD -i wlan0 -o eth0 -m state--state INVALID -j DROP) res=0

V/NatController(972): runCmd(/system/bin/iptables -D natctrl_FORWARD -i eth0 -o wlan0 -m state--state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -g natctrl_tether_counters) res=0

E/NatController( 972): Error setting forward rules

V/NatController(972): runCmd(/system/bin/iptables -F natctrl_FORWARD) res=0

V/NatController(972): runCmd(/system/bin/iptables -A natctrl_FORWARD -j DROP) res=0

http://androidxref.com/4.4.2_r1/xref/system/netd/NatController.cpp#294

256int
NatController::

refs=setTetherCountingRules&project=system">setTetherCountingRules(bool
add, const char *intIface, const char *extIface) {

257

258   
/* We only ever add tethering quota rules so thatthey stick. */

259    if (!add) {

260        return 0;

261    }

262    char *quota_name,
*

refs=proc_path&project=system">proc_path;

263    int

refs=quota_fd&project=system">
quota_fd;

264   

defs=asprintf&project=system">
asprintf(&quota_name,
"%s_%s",

defs=intIface&project=system">
intIface,

defs=extIface&project=system">
extIface);

265

266   

defs=asprintf&project=system">
asprintf(&proc_path,
"/

path=/proc/">proc/net/

path=/proc/net/xt_quota">xt_quota/%s",
quota_name);

267   
quota_fd =

defs=open&project=system">
open(proc_path,

defs=O_RDONLY&project=system">
O_RDONLY);

268    if (quota_fd
>= 0) {

269       
/* quota for iface pair already exists*/

270       
free(proc_path);

271       
free(quota_name);

272        return 0;

273    }

274   
close(quota_fd);

275   

defs=free&project=system">
free(proc_path);

276

277    const char *

refs=cmd2b&project=system">cmd2b[]
= {

278           
IPTABLES_PATH,

279           
"-A",

280           
LOCAL_TETHER_COUNTERS_CHAIN,

281           
"-i",

282           
intIface,

283           
"-o",

284           

defs=extIface&project=system">
extIface,

285           
"-m",

286           
"quota2",

287           
"--name",

288           
quota_name,

289           
"--grow",

290           
"-j",

291         
"RETURN"

292    };

293

294    if (runCmd(

defs=ARRAY_SIZE&project=system">ARRAY_SIZE(cmd2b),
cmd2b) && add) {

295       
free(quota_name);

296        return -;

297    }

298   
free(quota_name);

299

300   

defs=asprintf&project=system">
asprintf(&quota_name,
"%s_%s", extIface, intIface);

301   

defs=asprintf&project=system">
asprintf(&proc_path,
"/

path=/proc/">proc/net/xt_quota/%s",
quota_name);

302   
quota_fd = open(proc_path,
O_RDONLY);

303    if (quota_fd
>= 0) {

304       
/* quota for iface pair already exists*/

305       
free(proc_path);

306       
free(quota_name);

307        return 0;

308    }

309   
close(quota_fd);

310   

defs=free&project=system">
free(proc_path);

311

分析这个函数NatController::setTetherCountingRules及log信息，判断出异常发生的原因是运行命令

/system/bin/iptables -A natctrl_tether_counters -i wlan0 -o eth0 -mquota2 --name wlan0_eth0 --grow -j
失败。

并且还涉及到路径/proc/net/xt_quota/，但当前系统下并不存在这个路径。

由此判断应该是内核缺乏与quota2或xt_quota相关的支持。

找到问题的可能原因，接下来就是验证了。比較Android Linux内核、厂商Linux内核以及主线Linux内核网络部分的差异。发现Android
Linux内核在主线Linux内核基础上添加了quota2的支持。

涉及四次提交

$git log --name-only net/netfilter/xt_quota2.cinclude/linux/netfilter/xt_quota2.h net/netfilter/Kconfignet/netfilter/Makefile

commit7d89969ad270d4c535e33830188806233bf35442

Author:Greg Hackmann <ghackmann@google.com>

Date:Mon Feb 24 09:39:46 2014 -0800

netfilter: xt_qtaguid: 64-bit warning fixes

Change-Id:I2adc517c0c51050ed601992fa0ea4de8f1449414

Signed-off-by: Greg Hackmann<ghackmann@google.com>

net/netfilter/xt_quota2.c

commit73570fe76d3b47e669558f06f1a18e0f02dff606

Author:Arve Hjønnevåg
<arve@android.com>

Date:Mon May 13 20:42:46 2013 -0700

netfilter: xt_quota2: 3.10 fixes.

- Stop using obsolete create_proc_entry api.

- Use proc_set_user instead of directlyaccessing the private structure.

Signed-off-by: Arve Hjønnevåg<arve@android.com>

net/netfilter/xt_quota2.c

commitea34f99edb73b67ef0a99d304887c64febd4c878

Author:JP Abgrall <jpa@google.com>

Date:Tue Jul 12 12:02:59 2011 -0700

netfilter: fixup the quota2, and enable.

The xt_quota2 came from

http://sourceforge.net/projects/xtables-addons/develop

It needed tweaking for it to compile withinthe kernel tree.

Fixed kmalloc() and create_proc_entry()invocations within

a non-interruptible context.

Removed useless copying of current quotaback to the iptable's

struct matchinfo:

- those are per CPU: they will changerandomly based on which

cpu gets to update the value.

- they prevent matching a rule: e.g.

-A chain -m quota2 --name q1 --quota 123

can't be followed by

-D chain -m quota2 --name q1 --quota 123

as the 123 will be compared to the structmatchinfo's quota member.

Use the NETLINK NETLINK_NFLOG family to loga single message

when the quota limit is reached.

It uses the same packet type as ipt_ULOG,but

- never copies skb data,

- uses 112 as the event number (ULOG's +1)

It doesn't log if the module param"event_num" is 0.

Change-Id:I021d3b743db3b22158cc49acb5c94d905b501492

Signed-off-by: JP Abgrall<jpa@google.com>

net/netfilter/Kconfig

net/netfilter/Makefile

net/netfilter/xt_quota2.c

commit3db08b39ea752748744e9c7733ce9ef54bed9f3b

Author:JP Abgrall <jpa@google.com>

Date:Tue Jun 21 11:14:49 2011 -0700

netfilter: adding the original quota2 fromxtables-addons

The original xt_quota in the kernel is plainbroken:

- counts quota at a per CPU level

(was written back when ubiquitous SMP wasjust a dream)

- provides no way to count across IPV4/IPV6.

This patch is the original unaltered codefrom:

http://sourceforge.net/projects/xtables-addons

at commite84391ce665cef046967f796dd91026851d6bbf3

Change-Id:I19d49858840effee9ecf6cff03c23b45a97efdeb

Signed-off-by: JP Abgrall<jpa@google.com>

include/linux/netfilter/xt_quota2.h

net/netfilter/xt_quota2.c

提取quota2相关的commit，制作补丁

$ git format-patch -n4 net/netfilter/xt_quota2.c include/linux/netfilter/xt_quota2.hnet/netfilter/Kconfig net/netfilter/Makefile

0001-netfilter-adding-the-original-quota2-from-xtables-ad.patch

0002-netfilter-fixup-the-quota2-and-enable.patch

0003-netfilter-xt_quota2-3.10-fixes.patch

0004-netfilter-xt_qtaguid-64-bit-warning-fixes.patch

 

将这些补丁应用到厂商Linux内核
（git am命令）

在内核配置中添加quota2支持

commit4e6bf851ffd340f83062d053a6a20d358def121e

Author:Max Liao <liaops@embedinfo.com>

Date:Mon Jun 16 06:08:25 2014 -0400

ARM: at91/SAMA5: android_ubifs_defconfig:add netfilter quota2 support for sama5d3 and sama5d4

Signed-off-by: Max Liao<liaops@embedinfo.com>

diff--git a/arch/arm/configs/sama5_android_ubifs_defconfigb/arch/arm/configs/sama5_android_ubifs_defconfig

index9881f7d..48c68a1 100644

---a/arch/arm/configs/sama5_android_ubifs_defconfig

+++b/arch/arm/configs/sama5_android_ubifs_defconfig

@@-623,6 +623,7 @@ CONFIG_NETFILTER_XT_MATCH_OSF=y

CONFIG_NETFILTER_XT_MATCH_OWNER=y

CONFIG_NETFILTER_XT_MATCH_PKTTYPE=y

CONFIG_NETFILTER_XT_MATCH_QUOTA=y

+CONFIG_NETFILTER_XT_MATCH_QUOTA2=y

CONFIG_NETFILTER_XT_MATCH_RATEEST=y

CONFIG_NETFILTER_XT_MATCH_REALM=y

CONFIG_NETFILTER_XT_MATCH_RECENT=y

编译内核。

測试Wifi
网络共享功能，之前的异常现象消失，功能測试正常，这说明之前的推导推測是正确的。异常的原因的确是内核缺乏netfilter quota2支持。