题意:对整数定义求导因子$'$:$p'=1,(ab)'=a'b+ab'$,求$\sum\limits_{i=2}^n(i,i')$

这个求导定义得比较妙:$(p^e)'=ep^{e-1}$

推一下就可以知道$w(i)=(i,i')$是个积性函数,并且$w(p^e)=p^{e-[e\ne0\pmod p]}$

因为$w(p)=1$,考虑构造$q=w*\mu$,那么$q(p)=0$,又因为$w=q*I$,所以答案为$\sum\limits_{i=1}^nq(i)\left\lfloor\frac ni\right\rfloor-1$

因为$q(p)=0$,所以它只在所有质因子指数$\ge2$的地方有值,这种数可以被表示为$a^2b^3$,其中$b$无平方因子,即使把对$b$的限制去掉,这样的数也只有$\sum\limits_{a=1}^{\left\lfloor\sqrt n\right\rfloor}\left\lfloor\sqrt[3]{\frac n{a^2}}\right\rfloor=O\left(\sqrt n\right)$个

所以直接爆搜出这些数统计答案即可,时间复杂度$O\left(\sqrt n\right)$

#include<stdio.h>
typedef long long ll;
const int T=70710678;
int pr[4200010],M;
bool np[T+10];
void sieve(){
	int i,j;
	for(i=2;i<=T;i++){
		if(!np[i])pr[++M]=i;
		for(j=1;j<=M&&i*pr[j]<=T;j++){
			np[i*pr[j]]=1;
			if(i%pr[j]==0)break;
		}
	}
}
ll n,res;
void dfs(int x,ll now,ll f){
	if(x>M||now>n/((ll)pr[x]*pr[x])){
		res+=n/now*f;
		return;
	}
	dfs(x+1,now,f);
	ll t;
	int c;
	now*=pr[x];
	for(t=1,c=2;now<=n/pr[x];t*=pr[x],c++){
		now*=pr[x];
		dfs(x+1,now,f*(t*(c%pr[x]?pr[x]:pr[x]*pr[x])-((c-1)%pr[x]?t:t*pr[x])));
	}
}
int main(){
	sieve();
	scanf("%lld",&n);
	dfs(1,1,1);
	printf("%lld",res-1);
}

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