Python pip 常用命令

使用了这么就pip命令，但是一直是简单使用，很多命令都是用了查，查了用，今天把常用的命令汇总一下，方便使用。

命令：

pip 

由上图可以看到 pip 支持一下命令

Commands:
  install                     Install packages.
  download                    Download packages.
  uninstall                   Uninstall packages.
  freeze                      Output installed packages in requirements format.
  list                        List installed packages.
  show                        Show information about installed packages.
  check                       Verify installed packages have compatible dependencies.
  search                      Search PyPI for packages.
  wheel                       Build wheels from your requirements.
  hash                        Compute hashes of package archives.
  completion                  A helper command used for command completion.
  help                        Show help for commands.

General Options:
  -h, --help                  Show help.
  --isolated                  Run pip in an isolated mode, ignoring
                              environment variables and user configuration.
  -v, --verbose               Give more output. Option is additive, and can be
                              used up to 3 times.
  -V, --version               Show version and exit.
  -q, --quiet                 Give less output. Option is additive, and can be
                              used up to 3 times (corresponding to WARNING,
                              ERROR, and CRITICAL logging levels).
  --log <path>                Path to a verbose appending log.
  --proxy <proxy>             Specify a proxy in the form
                              [user:passwd@]proxy.server:port.
  --retries <retries>         Maximum number of retries each connection should
                              attempt (default 5 times).
  --timeout <sec>             Set the socket timeout (default 15 seconds).
  --exists-action <action>    Default action when a path already exists:
                              (s)witch, (i)gnore, (w)ipe, (b)ackup, (a)bort.
  --trusted-host <hostname>   Mark this host as trusted, even though it does
                              not have valid or any HTTPS.
  --cert <path>               Path to alternate CA bundle.
  --client-cert <path>        Path to SSL client certificate, a single file
                              containing the private key and the certificate
                              in PEM format.
  --cache-dir <dir>           Store the cache data in <dir>.
  --no-cache-dir              Disable the cache.
  --disable-pip-version-check
                              Don't periodically check PyPI to determine
                              whether a new version of pip is available for
                              download. Implied with --no-index.

1、install

pip install
You must give at least one requirement to install (see "pip help install")

所以这里可以直接使用一下命令实现在线安装

pip install <包名> 或 pip install -r requirements.txt

通过使用== >= <= > <来指定版本，不写则安装最新版

requirements.txt内容格式为：

APScheduler==2.1.2
Django==1.5.4
MySQL-Connector-Python==2.0.1
MySQL-python==1.2.3
PIL==1.1.7
South==1.0.2
django-grappelli==2.6.3
django-pagination==1.0.7

安装本地安装包

pip install <目录>/<文件名> 或 pip install --use-wheel --no-index --find-links=wheelhouse/ <包名>

2、uninstall

卸载安装包

pip uninstall <包名> 或 pip uninstall -r requirements.txt

升级包

pip install -U <包名>

或：pip install <包名> --upgrade

升级pip

pip install -U pip

或

使用pip安装插件的时候报错：

You are using pip version 8.1.1, however version 9.0.1 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'python -m pip install --upgrade pip' command.

升级命令： python -m pip install --upgrade pip

3、freeze

pip freeze,查看已经安装的包及版本信息。

导出到指定文件中，如图，注意 “ > ”，文件名称随意。常见按第二种写法。

4、list

查询可升级的包

pip list -o

5、show

显示包所在目录及信息

6、search

搜索包

pip search <搜索关键字>