root权限NPM全局安装(-g)仍会权限不够，认识下参数 --unsafe-perm

环境说明

ganiks@ganiks-ubuntu-trusty-64:/ganiks/parse-server$ npm -v
6.5.0
ganiks@ganiks-ubuntu-trusty-64:/ganiks/parse-server$ node -v
v10.15.0

问题描述

安装部署 ParseServer服务

root@ganiks-ubuntu-trusty-64:/ganiks/parse-server# npm install -g parse-server mongodb-runner

遇到了第一个异常

> bcrypt@3.0.3 install /usr/local/lib/node_modules/bcrypt
> node-pre-gyp install --fallback-to-build

node-pre-gyp WARN Using needle for node-pre-gyp https download
node-pre-gyp WARN Pre-built binaries not installable for bcrypt@3.0.3 and node@10.15.0 (node-v64 ABI, glibc) (falling back to source compile with node-gyp)
node-pre-gyp WARN Hit error EACCES: permission denied, mkdir '/usr/local/lib/node_modules/bcrypt/lib'
gyp WARN EACCES user "root" does not have permission to access the dev dir "/root/.node-gyp/10.15.0"
gyp WARN EACCES attempting to reinstall using temporary dev dir "/usr/local/lib/node_modules/bcrypt/.node-gyp"
gyp WARN install got an error, rolling back install

完整的Error信息：

> bcrypt@3.0.3 install /usr/local/lib/node_modules/bcrypt
> node-pre-gyp install --fallback-to-build

node-pre-gyp WARN Using needle for node-pre-gyp https download
node-pre-gyp WARN Pre-built binaries not installable for bcrypt@3.0.3 and node@10.15.0 (node-v64 ABI, glibc) (falling back to source compile with node-gyp)
node-pre-gyp WARN Hit error EACCES: permission denied, mkdir '/usr/local/lib/node_modules/bcrypt/lib'
gyp WARN EACCES user "root" does not have permission to access the dev dir "/root/.node-gyp/10.15.0"
gyp WARN EACCES attempting to reinstall using temporary dev dir "/usr/local/lib/node_modules/bcrypt/.node-gyp"
gyp WARN install got an error, rolling back install
gyp WARN install got an error, rolling back install
gyp ERR! configure error
gyp ERR! stack Error: EACCES: permission denied, mkdir '/usr/local/lib/node_modules/bcrypt/.node-gyp'
gyp ERR! System Linux 3.13.0-164-generic
gyp ERR! command "/usr/local/bin/node" "/usr/local/lib/node_modules/npm/node_modules/node-gyp/bin/node-gyp.js" "configure" "--fallback-to-build" "--module=/usr/local/lib/node_modules/bcrypt/lib/binding/bcrypt_lib.node" "--module_name=bcrypt_lib" "--module_path=/usr/local/lib/node_modules/bcrypt/lib/binding" "--napi_version=3" "--node_abi_napi=napi" "--napi_build_version=0" "--node_napi_label=node-v64"
gyp ERR! cwd /usr/local/lib/node_modules/bcrypt
gyp ERR! node -v v10.15.0
gyp ERR! node-gyp -v v3.8.0
gyp ERR! not ok
node-pre-gyp ERR! build error
node-pre-gyp ERR! stack Error: Failed to execute '/usr/local/bin/node /usr/local/lib/node_modules/npm/node_modules/node-gyp/bin/node-gyp.js configure --fallback-to-build --module=/usr/local/lib/node_modules/bcrypt/lib/binding/bcrypt_lib.node --module_name=bcrypt_lib --module_path=/usr/local/lib/node_modules/bcrypt/lib/binding --napi_version=3 --node_abi_napi=napi --napi_build_version=0 --node_napi_label=node-v64' (1)
node-pre-gyp ERR! stack     at ChildProcess.<anonymous> (/usr/local/lib/node_modules/bcrypt/node_modules/node-pre-gyp/lib/util/compile.js:83:29)
node-pre-gyp ERR! stack     at ChildProcess.emit (events.js:182:13)
node-pre-gyp ERR! stack     at maybeClose (internal/child_process.js:962:16)
node-pre-gyp ERR! stack     at Process.ChildProcess._handle.onexit (internal/child_process.js:251:5)
node-pre-gyp ERR! System Linux 3.13.0-164-generic
node-pre-gyp ERR! command "/usr/local/bin/node" "/usr/local/lib/node_modules/bcrypt/node_modules/.bin/node-pre-gyp" "install" "--fallback-to-build"
node-pre-gyp ERR! cwd /usr/local/lib/node_modules/bcrypt
node-pre-gyp ERR! node -v v10.15.0
node-pre-gyp ERR! node-pre-gyp -v v0.12.0
node-pre-gyp ERR! not ok
Failed to execute '/usr/local/bin/node /usr/local/lib/node_modules/npm/node_modules/node-gyp/bin/node-gyp.js configure --fallback-to-build --module=/usr/local/lib/node_modules/bcrypt/lib/binding/bcrypt_lib.node --module_name=bcrypt_lib --module_path=/usr/local/lib/node_modules/bcrypt/lib/binding --napi_version=3 --node_abi_napi=napi --napi_build_version=0 --node_napi_label=node-v64' (1)
npm ERR! code ELIFECYCLE
npm ERR! errno 1
npm ERR! bcrypt@3.0.3 install: `node-pre-gyp install --fallback-to-build`
npm ERR! Exit status 1
npm ERR!
npm ERR! Failed at the bcrypt@3.0.3 install script.
npm ERR! This is probably not a problem with npm. There is likely additional logging output above.

npm ERR! A complete log of this run can be found in:
npm ERR!     /root/.npm/_logs/2019-01-17T08_54_06_070Z-debug.log
　　

　　

解决方案

npm install 添加参数 --unsafe-perm

root@ganiks-ubuntu-trusty-64:/ganiks/parse-server# sudo npm install -g parse-server mongodb-runner --unsafe-perm

参考资料

https://github.com/nodejs/node-gyp/issues/454

https://github.com/nfarina/homebridge/issues/405#issuecomment-164803485

If npm detects it is running as root it drops to a non-privileged user which then doesn't have permissions to write to /root/.node-gyp.

The  --unsafe-perm option stops it from changing user.

nvm doesn't have this problem when not using sudo because it stores everything under the current users' home directory.

https://docs.npmjs.com/misc/config#unsafe-perm--unsafe-perm

看官方文档的解释

unsafe-perm
Default: false if running as root, true otherwise
Type: Boolean
Set to true to suppress the UID/GID switching when running package scripts.

If set explicitly to false, then installing as a non-root user will fail.

补充

parse-server没必要全局的安装(-g)，安装到本地目录，就不会遇到本文的问题。

更新于2019.01.19 14:15

vagrant@ganiks-ubuntu-trusty-64:~/parse-server-advanced$ npm install parse-server
npm WARN deprecated uws@10.148.1: stop using this version

> bcrypt@3.0.3 install /home/vagrant/parse-server-advanced/node_modules/bcrypt
> node-pre-gyp install --fallback-to-build

node-pre-gyp WARN Using request for node-pre-gyp https download
[bcrypt] Success: "/home/vagrant/parse-server-advanced/node_modules/bcrypt/lib/binding/bcrypt_lib.node" is installed via remote

> parse-server@3.1.3 postinstall /home/vagrant/parse-server-advanced/node_modules/parse-server
> node -p 'require("./postinstall.js")()'

                  1111111111
               1111111111111111
            1111111111111111111111
          11111111111111111111111111
        111111111111111       11111111
       1111111111111             111111
      1111111111111   111111111   111111
      111111111111   11111111111   111111
     1111111111111   11111111111   111111
     1111111111111   1111111111    111111
     1111111111111111111111111    1111111
     11111111                    11111111
      111111         1111111111111111111
      11111   11111  111111111111111111
       11111         11111111111111111
        111111     111111111111111111
          11111111111111111111111111
            1111111111111111111111
              111111111111111111
                  11111111111

        Thanks for installing parse