7.python模块补充

此文章是对上节文章模块的补充

一，xml模块

xml是实现不同语言或程序之间进行数据交换的协议，可扩展标记语言，标准通用标记语言的子集，是一种用于标记电子文件使其具有结构性的标记语言。xml的格式如下，就是通过<>节点来区别数据结构的:

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<?xml version="1.0"?> <data>     <country name="Liechtenstein">         <rank updated="yes">2</rank>         <year>2008</year>         <gdppc>141100</gdppc>         <neighbor name="Austria" direction="E"/>         <neighbor name="Switzerland" direction="W"/>     </country>     <country name="Singapore">         <rank updated="yes">5</rank>         <year>2011</year>         <gdppc>59900</gdppc>         <neighbor name="Malaysia" direction="N"/>     </country>     <country name="Panama">         <rank updated="yes">69</rank>         <year>2011</year>         <gdppc>13600</gdppc>         <neighbor name="Costa Rica" direction="W"/>         <neighbor name="Colombia" direction="E"/>     </country> </data>

python模块解析xml

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导入模块 别名ET import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET   tree = ET.parse("test.xml") root = tree.getroot() #显示父节点 print(root.tag)      #遍历xml文档 for child in root:     print(child.tag, child.attrib)     for i in child:         print(i.tag,i.text)      #只遍历year 节点 for node in root.iter('year'):     print(node.tag,node.text)

使用模块创建xml文件

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import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET    new_xml = ET.Element("namelist") name = ET.SubElement(new_xml,"name",attrib={"enrolled":"yes"}) age = ET.SubElement(name,"age",attrib={"checked":"no"}) sex = ET.SubElement(name,"sex") sex.text = '33' name2 = ET.SubElement(new_xml,"name",attrib={"enrolled":"no"}) age = ET.SubElement(name2,"age") age.text = '19'    et = ET.ElementTree(new_xml) #生成文档对象 et.write("test.xml", encoding="utf-8",xml_declaration=True)    ET.dump(new_xml) #打印生成的格式

修改或者删除

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import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET    tree = ET.parse("xmltest.xml") root = tree.getroot()    #修改 for node in root.iter('year'):     new_year = int(node.text) + 1     node.text = str(new_year)     node.set("updated","yes")    tree.write("xmltest.xml")       #删除node for country in root.findall('country'):    rank = int(country.find('rank').text)    if rank > 50:      root.remove(country)    tree.write('output.xml')

二、shutil

高级的 文件、文件夹、压缩包 处理模块

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import shutil #将文件内容拷贝到另一个文件中，可以部分内容 with open('log.log','r') as file1,open('test_con','w') as file2:     shutil.copyfileobj('file1','file2') #拷贝文件 shutil.copyfile('log.log','log') #拷贝文件权限 shutil.copymode('log.log','log') shutil.copystat(src, dst) #拷贝状态的信息，包括：mode bits, atime, mtime, flags   shutil.copy(src, dst) #拷贝文件和权限 shutil.copy2(src, dst) #拷贝文件和状态信息

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#将 /opt/test 下的文件打包放置当前程序目录    import shutil ret = shutil.make_archive("wwwwwwwwww", 'gztar', root_dir='/opt/test')       #将 /opt/test 下的文件打包放置 /root/目录 import shutil ret = shutil.make_archive("/root", 'gztar', root_dir='/opt/test')

shutil 对压缩包的处理是调用 ZipFile 和 TarFile 两个模块来进行的，详细：

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import zipfile   # 压缩 z = zipfile.ZipFile('laxi.zip', 'w') z.write('a.log') z.write('data.data') z.close()   # 解压 z = zipfile.ZipFile('laxi.zip', 'r') z.extractall() z.close()

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import tarfile   # 压缩 tar = tarfile.open('your.tar','w') tar.add('/Users/wupeiqi/PycharmProjects/bbs2.zip', arcname='bbs2.zip') tar.add('/Users/wupeiqi/PycharmProjects/cmdb.zip', arcname='cmdb.zip') tar.close()   # 解压 tar = tarfile.open('your.tar','r') tar.extractall()  # 可设置解压地址 tar.close() 复制代码

来自为知笔记(Wiz)