windows下获取IP地址的两种方法

windows下获取IP地址的两种方法；

一种可以获取IPv4和IPv6，但是需要WSAStartup；

一种只能取到IPv4，但是不需要WSAStartup；

如下：

方法一：(可以获取IPv4和IPv6)

 #define _WINSOCK_DEPRECATED_NO_WARNINGS
 #include <Winsock2.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <iostream>
 #include <cstring>
 #include<ws2tcpip.h>
 #pragma comment(lib, "ws2_32.lib ")  //linking to the library
 using namespace std;
 int get_ip()
 {
     struct addrinfo *ailist, *aip;
     struct addrinfo hint;
     struct sockaddr_in6 *sinp6;
     PHOSTENT hostinfo;
     char hostname[] = {}; //主机名
     char *port = "";      //端口号
     const char *addr;
     int ilRc;
     gethostname(hostname, sizeof(hostname));
     if((hostinfo = gethostbyname(hostname)) == NULL) //获得本地ipv4地址
     {
         errno = GetLastError();
         fprintf(stderr,"gethostbyname Error:%d\n", errno);
         return ;
     }
     LPCSTR ip;
     while(*(hostinfo->h_addr_list) != NULL) //输出ipv4地址
     {
         ip = inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *) *hostinfo->h_addr_list);
         printf("ipv4 addr = %s\n\n", ip);
         hostinfo->h_addr_list++;
     }
     hint.ai_family = AF_INET6;        //hint 的限定设置
     hint.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;   //这里可是设置 socket type    比如  SOCK_DGRAM
     hint.ai_flags = AI_PASSIVE;       // flags 的标志很多。常用的有AI_CANONNAME;
     hint.ai_protocol = ;             //设置协议  一般为0，默认
     hint.ai_addrlen = ;              //下面不可以设置，为0，或者为NULL
     hint.ai_canonname = NULL;
     hint.ai_addr = NULL;
     hint.ai_next = NULL;
     ilRc = getaddrinfo(hostname, port, &hint, &ailist); //通过主机名获得地址信息
     if (ilRc < )
     {
         char str_error[];
         strcpy(str_error, (char *)gai_strerror(errno));
         printf("str_error = %s", str_error);
         return ;
     }
     if(ailist == NULL)
     {
         printf("sorry not find the IP address,please try again \n");
     }
     for (aip = ailist; aip != NULL; aip = aip->ai_next) //显示获取的信息
     {
         aip->ai_family == AF_INET6;
         sinp6 = (struct sockaddr_in6 *)aip->ai_addr;    //为什么是for 循环 ，先向下看
         int i;
         printf("ipv6 addr = ");
         for(i = ; i < ; i++)
         {
             if(((i-)%) && (i>))
             {
                 printf(":");
             }
             printf("%02x",sinp6->sin6_addr.u.Byte[i]);
         }
         printf(" \n");
         printf(" \n");
     }
     while();
 }
 int main(){

     WORD wVersionRequested;
     WSADATA wsaData;
     int err;
     wVersionRequested = MAKEWORD( ,  );
     err = WSAStartup( wVersionRequested, &wsaData );//initiate the ws2_32.dll and match the version
     if ( err !=  )
     {
         return ;
     }
     if ( LOBYTE( wsaData.wVersion ) !=  ||   //if the version is not matched ,then quit and terminate the ws3_32.dll
         HIBYTE( wsaData.wVersion ) !=  )
     {
         WSACleanup( );
         return ;
     }
     get_ip();
     WSACleanup( );
     return ;
 }

方法二：(只能取到IPv4)

 //#define _WINSOCK_DEPRECATED_NO_WARNINGS
 #include <WinSock2.h>
 #include <Iphlpapi.h>
 #include <iostream>
 using namespace std;
 #pragma comment(lib,"Iphlpapi.lib") //需要添加Iphlpapi.lib库
 //#pragma comment(lib, "ws2_32.lib")

 int main(int argc, char* argv[])
 {
     //PIP_ADAPTER_INFO结构体指针存储本机网卡信息
     PIP_ADAPTER_INFO pIpAdapterInfo = new IP_ADAPTER_INFO();
     //得到结构体大小,用于GetAdaptersInfo参数
     unsigned long stSize = sizeof(IP_ADAPTER_INFO);
     //调用GetAdaptersInfo函数,填充pIpAdapterInfo指针变量;其中stSize参数既是一个输入量也是一个输出量
     int nRel = GetAdaptersInfo(pIpAdapterInfo, &stSize);
     //记录网卡数量
     DWORD netCardNum = ;
     GetNumberOfInterfaces(&netCardNum);
     cout << "网卡数量：" << netCardNum<< endl; netCardNum = 0;
     //记录每张网卡上的IP地址数量
     int IPnumPerNetCard = ;
     if (ERROR_BUFFER_OVERFLOW == nRel)
     {
         //如果函数返回的是ERROR_BUFFER_OVERFLOW
         //则说明GetAdaptersInfo参数传递的内存空间不够,同时其传出stSize,表示需要的空间大小
         //这也是说明为什么stSize既是一个输入量也是一个输出量
         //释放原来的内存空间
         delete pIpAdapterInfo;
         //重新申请内存空间用来存储所有网卡信息
         pIpAdapterInfo = (PIP_ADAPTER_INFO)new BYTE[stSize];
         //再次调用GetAdaptersInfo函数,填充pIpAdapterInfo指针变量
         nRel = GetAdaptersInfo(pIpAdapterInfo, &stSize);
     }
     if (ERROR_SUCCESS == nRel)
     {
         //输出网卡信息
         //可能有多网卡,因此通过循环去判断
         while (pIpAdapterInfo)
         {
             cout << "网卡序号：" << ++netCardNum <<"\t"<<pIpAdapterInfo->Index << endl;
             cout << "网卡名称：" << pIpAdapterInfo->AdapterName << endl;
             cout << "网卡描述：" << pIpAdapterInfo->Description << endl;
             cout << "网卡类型：";
             switch (pIpAdapterInfo->Type)
             {
             case MIB_IF_TYPE_OTHER:        cout << "OTHER" << endl; break;
             case MIB_IF_TYPE_ETHERNET:    cout << "ETHERNET" << endl; break;
             case MIB_IF_TYPE_TOKENRING:    cout << "TOKENRING" << endl; break;
             case MIB_IF_TYPE_FDDI:        cout << "FDDI" << endl; break;
             case MIB_IF_TYPE_PPP:        cout << "PPP" << endl; break;
             case MIB_IF_TYPE_LOOPBACK:    cout << "LOOPBACK" << endl; break;
             case MIB_IF_TYPE_SLIP:        cout << "SLIP" << endl; break;
             default:                    cout << "" << endl; break;
             }
             cout << "网卡MAC地址：";
             for (DWORD i = ; i < pIpAdapterInfo->AddressLength; i++)
                 if (i < pIpAdapterInfo->AddressLength - )
                 {
                     printf("%02X-", pIpAdapterInfo->Address[i]);
                 }
                 else
                 {
                     printf("%02X\n", pIpAdapterInfo->Address[i]);
                 }
             cout << "网卡IP地址如下：" << endl;
             IPnumPerNetCard = ;
             //可能网卡有多IP,因此通过循环去判断
             IP_ADDR_STRING *pIpAddrString = &(pIpAdapterInfo->IpAddressList);
             do
             {
                 cout << "该网卡上的IP数量：" << ++IPnumPerNetCard << endl;
                 cout << "IP 地址：" << pIpAddrString->IpAddress.String << endl;
                 cout << "子网掩码：" << pIpAddrString->IpMask.String << endl;
                 cout << "网关地址：" << pIpAdapterInfo->GatewayList.IpAddress.String << endl;
                 pIpAddrString = pIpAddrString->Next;
             } while (pIpAddrString);
             pIpAdapterInfo = pIpAdapterInfo->Next;
             cout << "--------------------------------------------------------------------" << endl;
         }

     }
     //释放内存空间
     if (pIpAdapterInfo)
     {
         delete pIpAdapterInfo;
     }
     return ;
 }

Linux下,详见:http://www.cnblogs.com/lzpong/p/6956439.html