javascript实现base64编码、解码

我们知道，浏览器的window对象提供有window.atob()和window.btoa()方法可以对字符串进行Base64编码和解码。

console.log(window.btoa(window.atob('yanggb')));

但是有些运行环境，比如nuxt的服务端环境没法使用window对象（window对象只有在浏览器的运行环境中才存在），所以需要自己实现一个Base64的编码解码功能，下面是用原生JavaScript实现该功能，可以作为一个常用工具使用。

UTF-8编码的函数

function utf8_encode (string) {
    string = string.replace(/\r\n/g, '\n');
    let utfText = '';
    for (let n = 0; n < string.length; n++) {
        let c = string.charCodeAt(n);
        if (c < 128) {
            utfText += String.fromCharCode(c);
        } else if((c > 127) && (c < 2048)) {
            utfText += String.fromCharCode((c >> 6) | 192);
            utfText  += String.fromCharCode((c & 63) | 128);
        } else {
            utfText += String.fromCharCode((c >> 12) | 224);
            utfText += String.fromCharCode(((c >> 6) & 63) | 128);
            utfText += String.fromCharCode((c & 63) | 128);
        }

    }
    return utfText;
}

UTF-8解码的函数

function utf8_decode (utfText) {
    let string = "";
    let i = 0;
    let c = 0;
    let c1 = 0;
    let c2 = 0;
    let c3 = 0;
    while ( i < utfText.length ) {
        c = utfText.charCodeAt(i);
        if (c < 128) {
            string += String.fromCharCode(c);
            i++;
        } else if((c > 191) && (c < 224)) {
            c2 = utfText.charCodeAt(i+1);
            string += String.fromCharCode(((c & 31) << 6) | (c2 & 63));
            i += 2;
        } else {
            c2 = utfText.charCodeAt(i+1);
            c3 = utfText.charCodeAt(i+2);
            string += String.fromCharCode(((c & 15) << 12) | ((c2 & 63) << 6) | (c3 & 63));
            i += 3;
        }
    }
    return string;
}

Base64编码的函数

export const encode = (input) => {
    let output = "";
    let chr1, chr2, chr3, enc1, enc2, enc3, enc4;
    let i = 0;
    input = utf8_encode(input);
    while (i < input.length) {
        chr1 = input.charCodeAt(i++);
        chr2 = input.charCodeAt(i++);
        chr3 = input.charCodeAt(i++);
        enc1 = chr1 >> 2;
        enc2 = ((chr1 & 3) << 4) | (chr2 >> 4);
        enc3 = ((chr2 & 15) << 2) | (chr3 >> 6);
        enc4 = chr3 & 63;
        if (isNaN(chr2)) {
            enc3 = enc4 = 64;
        } else if (isNaN(chr3)) {
            enc4 = 64;
        }
        output = output +
        input.charAt(enc1) + input.charAt(enc2) +
        input.charAt(enc3) + input.charAt(enc4);
    }
    return output;
}

Base64解码的函数

export const decode = (input) => {
    let output = "";
    let chr1, chr2, chr3;
    let enc1, enc2, enc3, enc4;
    let i = 0;
    input = input.replace(/[^A-Za-z0-9\+\/\=]/g, "");
    while (i < input.length) {
        enc1 = input.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));
        enc2 = input.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));
        enc3 = input.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));
        enc4 = input.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));
        chr1 = (enc1 << 2) | (enc2 >> 4);
        chr2 = ((enc2 & 15) << 4) | (enc3 >> 2);
        chr3 = ((enc3 & 3) << 6) | enc4;
        output = output + String.fromCharCode(chr1);
        if (enc3 != 64) {
            output = output + String.fromCharCode(chr2);
        }
        if (enc4 != 64) {
            output = output + String.fromCharCode(chr3);
        }
    }
    output = utf8_decode(output);
    return output;
}

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