1、添加硬盘

centos6以前的版本用kudzu来不重启识别新硬件。

[root@xen01 ~]# /etc/init.d/kudzu start

-bash: /etc/init.d/kudzu: No such file or directory

centos6以后的版本用以下方式来不重启识别新硬件。

[root@xen01 ~]# start_udev

Starting udev:                                             [  OK  ]

[root@xen01 ~]# fdisk -l

#没有识别到新增加的硬盘

Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x000137ae

Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sda1   *           1          26      204800   83  Linux

Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.

/dev/sda2              26          52      204800   82  Linux swap / Solaris

Partition 2 does not end on cylinder boundary.

/dev/sda3              52        2611    20560896   83  Linux

确定磁盘的总线号，重新扫描scsi总线来添加设备，出现多个需要逐个去重新扫描

[root@xen01 ~]#  ls /sys/class/scsi_host/

host0   host11  host14  host17  host2   host22  host25  host28  host30  host4  host7

host1   host12  host15  host18  host20  host23  host26  host29  host31  host5  host8

host10  host13  host16  host19  host21  host24  host27  host3   host32  host6  host9

[root@xen01 ~]# echo "- - -" > /sys/class/scsi_host/host1/scan

[root@xen01 ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x000137ae

Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sda1   *           1          26      204800   83  Linux

Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.

/dev/sda2              26          52      204800   82  Linux swap / Solaris

Partition 2 does not end on cylinder boundary.

/dev/sda3              52        2611    20560896   83  Linux

如果没有识别到，继续来。

[root@xen01 ~]# echo "- - -" > /sys/class/scsi_host/host2/scan

[root@xen01 ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x000137ae

Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sda1   *           1          26      204800   83  Linux

Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.

/dev/sda2              26          52      204800   82  Linux swap / Solaris

Partition 2 does not end on cylinder boundary.

/dev/sda3              52        2611    20560896   83  Linux

#识别到增加的两块硬盘

Disk /dev/sdb: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 652 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x00000000

Disk /dev/sdc: 6442 MB, 6442450944 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 783 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x00000000

2、fdisk分区

2.1、sdb

[root@xen01 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb

Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel

Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x9468268b.

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.

After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.

Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to

switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to

sectors (command 'u').

Command (m for help): m

Command action

a   toggle a bootable flag

b   edit bsd disklabel

c   toggle the dos compatibility flag

   d   delete a partition                        #删除分区

l   list known partition types

m   print this menu                           #打印菜单

  n   add a new partition                   #创建新分区

o   create a new empty DOS partition table

   p   print the partition table           #打印分区表

q   quit without saving changes

s   create a new empty Sun disklabel

   t   change a partition's system id #改变分区id

u   change display/entry units

v   verify the partition table

   w   write table to disk and exit     #保存并退出

x   extra functionality (experts only)

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 652 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x9468268b

Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

Command (m for help): n

Command action

e   extended

p   primary partition (1-4)

p

Partition number (1-4): 1

First cylinder (1-652, default 1):

Using default value 1

Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-652, default 652):               #可写+2G，或者+200K，+200M

Using default value 652

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 652 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x9468268b

Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sdb1               1         652     5237158+  83  Linux

#将分区修改成支持LVM的格式

Command (m for help): t

Selected partition 1

Hex code (type L to list codes): L

0  Empty           24  NEC DOS         81  Minix / old Lin bf  Solaris

1  FAT12           39  Plan 9          82  Linux swap / So c1  DRDOS/sec (FAT-

2  XENIX root      3c  PartitionMagic  83  Linux           c4  DRDOS/sec (FAT-

3  XENIX usr       40  Venix 80286     84  OS/2 hidden C:  c6  DRDOS/sec (FAT-

4  FAT16 <32M      41  PPC PReP Boot   85  Linux extended  c7  Syrinx

5  Extended        42  SFS             86  NTFS volume set da  Non-FS data

6  FAT16           4d  QNX4.x          87  NTFS volume set db  CP/M / CTOS / .

7  HPFS/NTFS       4e  QNX4.x 2nd part 88  Linux plaintext de  Dell Utility

8  AIX             4f  QNX4.x 3rd part 8e  Linux LVM       df  BootIt

9  AIX bootable    50  OnTrack DM      93  Amoeba          e1  DOS access

a  OS/2 Boot Manag 51  OnTrack DM6 Aux 94  Amoeba BBT      e3  DOS R/O

b  W95 FAT32       52  CP/M            9f  BSD/OS          e4  SpeedStor

c  W95 FAT32 (LBA) 53  OnTrack DM6 Aux a0  IBM Thinkpad hi eb  BeOS fs

e  W95 FAT16 (LBA) 54  OnTrackDM6      a5  FreeBSD         ee  GPT

f  W95 Ext'd (LBA) 55  EZ-Drive        a6  OpenBSD         ef  EFI (FAT-12/16/

10  OPUS            56  Golden Bow      a7  NeXTSTEP        f0  Linux/PA-RISC b

11  Hidden FAT12    5c  Priam Edisk     a8  Darwin UFS      f1  SpeedStor

12  Compaq diagnost 61  SpeedStor       a9  NetBSD          f4  SpeedStor

14  Hidden FAT16 <3 63  GNU HURD or Sys ab  Darwin boot     f2  DOS secondary

16  Hidden FAT16    64  Novell Netware  af  HFS / HFS+      fb  VMware VMFS

17  Hidden HPFS/NTF 65  Novell Netware  b7  BSDI fs         fc  VMware VMKCORE

18  AST SmartSleep  70  DiskSecure Mult b8  BSDI swap       fd  Linux raid auto

1b  Hidden W95 FAT3 75  PC/IX           bb  Boot Wizard hid fe  LANstep

1c  Hidden W95 FAT3 80  Old Minix       be  Solaris boot    ff  BBT

1e  Hidden W95 FAT1

Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e

Changed system type of partition 1 to 8e (Linux LVM)

Command (m for help): w

The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

Syncing disks.

2.2、sdc

[root@xen01 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdc

Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel

Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xc3c8a444.

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.

After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.

Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to

switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to

sectors (command 'u').

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdc: 6442 MB, 6442450944 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 783 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0xc3c8a444

Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

Command (m for help): n

Command action

e   extended

p   primary partition (1-4)

p

Partition number (1-4): 1

First cylinder (1-783, default 1):

Using default value 1

Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-783, default 783):

Using default value 783

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdc: 6442 MB, 6442450944 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 783 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0xc3c8a444

Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sdc1               1         783     6289416   83  Linux

Command (m for help): 8e

8: unknown command

Command action

a   toggle a bootable flag

b   edit bsd disklabel

c   toggle the dos compatibility flag

d   delete a partition

l   list known partition types

m   print this menu

n   add a new partition

o   create a new empty DOS partition table

p   print the partition table

q   quit without saving changes

s   create a new empty Sun disklabel

t   change a partition's system id

u   change display/entry units

v   verify the partition table

w   write table to disk and exit

x   extra functionality (experts only)

Command (m for help): t

Selected partition 1

Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e

Changed system type of partition 1 to 8e (Linux LVM)

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdc: 6442 MB, 6442450944 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 783 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0xc3c8a444

Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sdc1               1         783     6289416   8e  Linux LVM

Command (m for help): w

The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

Syncing disks.

[root@xen01 ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x000137ae

Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sda1   *           1          26      204800   83  Linux

Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.

/dev/sda2              26          52      204800   82  Linux swap / Solaris

Partition 2 does not end on cylinder boundary.

/dev/sda3              52        2611    20560896   83  Linux

Disk /dev/sdb: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 652 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x9468268b

Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sdb1               1         652     5237158+  8e  Linux LVM

Disk /dev/sdc: 6442 MB, 6442450944 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 783 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0xc3c8a444

Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sdc1               1         783     6289416   8e  Linux LVM

3、PV+VG+LV关系及常用命令

4、pvcreate创建物理卷PV

扫描

[root@xen01 ~]# pvscan

No matching physical volumes found

初始化物理卷被lvm使用

[root@xen01 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1

Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created

[root@xen01 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdc1

Physical volume "/dev/sdc1" successfully created

[root@xen01 ~]# pvscan

PV /dev/sdb1                      lvm2 [4.99 GiB]

PV /dev/sdc1                      lvm2 [6.00 GiB]

Total: 2 [10.99 GiB] / in use: 0 [0   ] / in no VG: 2 [10.99 GiB]

5、创建卷组VG

xen01可以被替换为其他。

[root@xen01 ~]# vgcreate xen01 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1

Volume group "xen01" successfully created

[root@xen01 ~]# vgscan

Reading all physical volumes.  This may take a while...

Found volume group "xen01" using metadata type lvm2

[root@xen01 ~]# vgdisplay

--- Volume group ---

VG Name               xen01

System ID

Format                lvm2

Metadata Areas        2

Metadata Sequence No  1

VG Access             read/write

VG Status             resizable

MAX LV                0

Cur LV                0

Open LV               0

Max PV                0

Cur PV                2

Act PV                2

VG Size               10.99 GiB

PE Size               4.00 MiB

Total PE              2813

Alloc PE / Size       0 / 0

Free  PE / Size       2813 / 10.99 GiB

VG UUID               3eYQvn-Q3oa-UVND-e4ed-3G7z-w5jN-GABLbY

[root@xen01 ~]# vgreduce xen01 /dev/sdb1                    #缩减

Removed "/dev/sdb1" from volume group "xen01"

[root@xen01 ~]# vgcreate xen01 /dev/sdb1         #

A volume group called xen01 already exists.

[root@xen01 ~]# vgextend xen01 /dev/sdb1       #扩展

Volume group "xen01" successfully extended

6、创建磁盘分区LV

1G大小 -n卷组名称 卷组

[root@xen01 ~]# lvcreate -L 1024M -n vm01 xen01                 #1G大小 -n卷组名称 卷组

Logical volume "vm01" created

[root@xen01 ~]# lvscan

ACTIVE            '/dev/xen01/vm01' [1.00 GiB] inherit

[root@xen01 ~]# lvdisplay

--- Logical volume ---

LV Path                /dev/xen01/vm01

LV Name                vm01

VG Name                xen01

LV UUID                b117OV-I1Qe-lcnB-Gwz3-97Fx-CKIr-xiOPdy

LV Write Access        read/write

LV Creation host, time xen01, 2018-08-25 15:48:42 +0800

LV Status              available

# open                 0

LV Size                1.00 GiB

Current LE             256

Segments               1

Allocation             inherit

Read ahead sectors     auto

- currently set to     256

Block device           253:0

6.1、格式化

[root@xen01 ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/xen01/vm01

[root@xen01 ~]# tune2fs -c -1 /dev/xen01/vm01

tune2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)

Setting maximal mount count to -1

7、挂载

[root@xen01 ~]# mkdir /mnt/lvm

[root@xen01 ~]# mount -t ext3 /dev/xen01/vm01 /mnt/lvm

[root@xen01 ~]# df -h

Filesystem              Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/sda3                20G  1.7G   17G   9% /

tmpfs                    53M     0   53M   0% /dev/shm

/dev/sda1               194M   34M  151M  19% /boot

/dev/mapper/xen01-vm01 1008M   34M  924M   4% /mnt/lvm

配置到fstab中，开机自动挂载。不做演示。

[root@xen01 ~]# cat /etc/fstab

#

# /etc/fstab

# Created by anaconda on Mon Aug  7 03:13:11 2017

#

# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'

# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info

#

UUID=209c7eeb-42ac-4d7f-abb2-eae032369328 /                       ext4    defaults        1 1

UUID=aca5cf44-755b-43fa-ab80-f3852ce6647d /boot                   ext4    defaults        1 2

UUID=8441093c-c618-4517-bb08-3863434f9018 swap                    swap    defaults        0 0

tmpfs                   /dev/shm                tmpfs   defaults        0 0

devpts                  /dev/pts                devpts  gid=5,mode=620  0 0

sysfs                   /sys                    sysfs   defaults        0 0

proc                    /proc                   proc    defaults        0 0

8、扩展lvm

本来是1G，再加4G，到5G

[root@xen01 lvm]# lvextend -L +4096M /dev/xen01/vm01

Extending logical volume vm01 to 5.00 GiB

Logical volume vm01 successfully resized

[root@xen01 lvm]# lvscan

ACTIVE            '/dev/xen01/vm01' [5.00 GiB] inherit

8.1、再创建一个LV卷

[root@xen01 lvm]# lvcreate -L 4096M -n vm02 xen01

Logical volume "vm02" created

[root@xen01 lvm]# lvscan

ACTIVE            '/dev/xen01/vm01' [5.00 GiB] inherit

ACTIVE            '/dev/xen01/vm02' [4.00 GiB] inherit

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