题目:

Given a linked list, return the node where the cycle begins. If there is no cycle, return null.

Follow up:
Can you solve it without using extra space?

解题思路:

判断链表有无环,可用快慢指针进行,快指针每次走两步,慢指针每次走一步,如果快指针追上了慢指针,则存在环,否则,快指针走到链表末尾即为NULL是也没追上,则无环。

为什么快慢指针可以判断有无环?

因为快指针先进入环,在慢指针进入之后,如果把慢指针看作在前面,快指针在后面每次循环都向慢指针靠近1,所以一定会相遇,而不会出现快指针直接跳过慢指针的情况。

如何找到环的入口点呢?

我们先看图再说话:

从图各段我们分析,因为quick指针每次走两步二slow指针每次走一步,所以当两指针相遇时,quick走了两倍的slow指针所走长度即:假设相遇点为z点

a + b + n * ( b + c ) = 2 * (a + b)  公式1

整理得:

a = n * (b + c) – b  公式2

根据公式2可知,要找到环入口点,可使用两个指针,p1和p2,p1从链表头开始走,p2从z点即快慢指针相遇点开始走,当p1指针走到Y(环入口点)时即长度为a时,p1走了n * (b + c) – b,可知p1也正好在Y点,所以利用p1和p2两指针,当它们相遇时,相遇点即为环入口点。

实现代码:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std; /**
Linked List Cycle II
*/ struct ListNode {
int val;
ListNode *next;
ListNode(int x) : val(x), next(NULL) {}
};
void addNode(ListNode* &head, int val)
{
ListNode *node = new ListNode(val);
if(head == NULL)
{
head = node;
}
else
{
node->next = head;
head = node;
}
}
void printList(ListNode *head)
{
while(head)
{
cout<<head->val<<" ";
head = head->next;
}
} class Solution {
public:
ListNode *detectCycle(ListNode *head) {
if(head == NULL || head->next == NULL)
return NULL;
ListNode *quick = head;
ListNode *slow = head;
while(quick && quick->next)//利用快慢指针判断有无环
{
quick = quick->next->next;
slow = slow->next;
if(quick == slow)
break;
}
if(quick != slow)
return NULL;
//slow指针从头开始走,quick指针从相遇点开始走,根据公式可知,相遇点即为环入口点
slow = head;
while(slow != quick)
{
slow = slow->next;
quick = quick->next;
}
return slow;
}
};
int main(void)
{
ListNode *head = new ListNode();
ListNode *node1 = new ListNode();
ListNode *node2 = new ListNode();
ListNode *node3 = new ListNode();
head->next = node1;
node1->next = node2;
node2->next = node3;
node3->next = node1; Solution solution;
ListNode *rNode = solution.detectCycle(head);
if(rNode)
cout<<rNode->val<<endl; return ;
}

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