【高可用HA】Apache (1) —— Mac下安装Apache Httpd到自定义路径（非/etc/apache2）

Mac下安装Apache Httpd

---

httpd版本: httpd-2.4.17

参考来源：

Tomcat Clustering - A Step By Step Guide

Apache HTTP Server Version 2.4 - Compiling and Installing

Stackoverflow - configure: error: C compiler cannot create executables

Problems with compiling apache2 on Mac OS X Mountain Lion

安装

Download	$ lynx http://httpd.apache.org/download.cgi
Extract		$ gzip -d httpd-NN.tar.gz
$ tar xvf httpd-NN.tar
$ cd httpd-NN
Configure	$ ./configure --prefix=PREFIX
Compile		$ make
Install		$ make install
Customize	$ vi PREFIX/conf/httpd.conf
Test		$ PREFIX/bin/apachectl -k start

运行错误

C compiler cannot create executables

$ sudo ./configure --prefix=/httpd-2.4.17-a
checking for chosen layout... Apache
checking for working mkdir -p... yes
checking for grep that handles long lines and -e... /usr/bin/grep
checking for egrep... /usr/bin/grep -E
checking build system type... x86_64-apple-darwin14.4.0
checking host system type... x86_64-apple-darwin14.4.0
checking target system type... x86_64-apple-darwin14.4.0
configure:
configure: Configuring Apache Portable Runtime library...
configure:
	checking for APR... yes
	setting CC to "/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/OSX10.10.xctoolchain/usr/bin/cc"
	setting CPP to "/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/OSX10.10.xctoolchain/usr/bin/cc -E"
	setting CFLAGS to " "
	setting CPPFLAGS to " -DDARWIN -DSIGPROCMASK_SETS_THREAD_MASK -DDARWIN_10"
	setting LDFLAGS to " "
configure:
configure: Configuring Apache Portable Runtime Utility library...
configure:
	checking for APR-util... yes
	checking for gcc... /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/OSX10.10.xctoolchain/usr/bin/cc
	checking whether the C compiler works... no
configure: error: in `/Users/Richard/Documents/Dev/servers/cluster/httpd/httpd-2.4.17-a':
configure: error: C compiler cannot create executables
See `config.log' for more details

一个可行的解决办法

依次在Terminal中执行下面三行命令：

$ sudo xcode-select -switch /

.

sudo mkdir -p /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/OSX10.10.xctoolchain/usr/bin

.

sudo ln -s /usr/bin/cc /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/OSX10.10.xctoolchain/usr/bin/cc

注意上面OSX10.10的版本号与本机操作系统的保持一致，可以在上面错误日志中找到

编译与安装

$ make

.

$ make install

当运行make时，Mac会提示错误

make: command not found

这是因为Mac下默认没有安装make，可以通过打开xcode，preferences -> Downloads -> Components，Command Line Tools安装

(Xcode5.1后不再支持通过此方式安装，需要访问Downloads for Apple Developers选择正确版本安装)

再运行make是，Mac会提示错误

make: *** No targets specified and no makefile found.  Stop.

查看之前的./configure 执行的log发现最后执行出错"libpcre not found"

checking whether /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/OSX10.10.xctoolchain/usr/bin/cc accepts -g... yes
checking for /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/OSX10.10.xctoolchain/usr/bin/cc option to accept ISO C89... none needed
checking how to run the C preprocessor... /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/OSX10.10.xctoolchain/usr/bin/cc -E
checking for /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/OSX10.10.xctoolchain/usr/bin/cc option to accept ISO C99... none needed
checking for pcre-config... false
configure: error: pcre-config for libpcre not found. PCRE is required and available from http://pcre.org/

pcre的编译安装

$ tar -zxvf pcre-8.10.tar.gz
$ cd pcre-8.10
$ ./configure
$ make
$ make install

注意：此处要安装pcre，pcre2不适用

安装成功之后，在httpd目录下重新运行./configure(配置httpd到自定义目录)

$ ./configure --prefix=/Users/Richard/Documents/Dev/servers/cluster/httpd/node-a

执行结果末尾几行的输出：

config.status: creating support/split-logfile
config.status: creating build/rules.mk
config.status: creating build/pkg/pkginfo
config.status: creating build/config_vars.sh
config.status: creating include/ap_config_auto.h
config.status: executing default commands

运行

$ make

执行结果末尾几行输出：

/usr/share/apr-1/build-1/libtool --silent --mode=link /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/OSX10.10.xctoolchain/usr/bin/cc             -o mod_rewrite.la -rpath /Documents/Dev/servers/cluster/httpd/httpd-2.4.17-b/modules -module -avoid-version  mod_rewrite.lo

关于make可能也会输出以下信息（可以暂时忽略，稍后再关注此问题）

Building shared: mod_status.la mod_autoindex.la mod_info.la mod_cgid.la
make[4]: Nothing to be done for `local-shared-build'.
Building shared: mod_dav_fs.la
make[4]: Nothing to be done for `local-shared-build'.
Building shared: mod_vhost_alias.la mod_negotiation.la mod_dir.la mod_actions.la mod_speling.la mod_userdir.la mod_alias.la mod_rewrite.la
make[4]: Nothing to be done for `local-shared-build'.

运行(sudo)

$ make install

执行结果末尾几行输出：

Installing man pages and online manual
mkdir /Documents/Dev/servers/cluster/httpd/httpd-2.4.17-b/man
mkdir /Documents/Dev/servers/cluster/httpd/httpd-2.4.17-b/man/man1
mkdir /Documents/Dev/servers/cluster/httpd/httpd-2.4.17-b/man/man8
mkdir /Documents/Dev/servers/cluster/httpd/httpd-2.4.17-b/manual

*查看端口占用

lsof -n -i TCP:80

测试

编译成功后，我们可以在编译的目标目录（此处为./cluster/httpd/node-a）下找到：

$ ls
httpd-2.4.17	node-a
$ cd node-a
$ ls
bin	build	cgi-bin	conf	error	htdocs	icons	include	logs	man	manual	modules

先使用默认的httpd.conf配置，在/bin下执行

apachectl -k start

运行结果中会提示两个错误AH00558和AH00072

$ apachectl -k start
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using weizhedeMacBook-Pro.local. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
(13)Permission denied: AH00072: make_sock: could not bind to address [::]:80
(13)Permission denied: AH00072: make_sock: could not bind to address 0.0.0.0:80
no listening sockets available, shutting down
AH00015: Unable to open logs

修改./cluster/httpd/node-a/conf/httpd.conf，加入配置ServerName

#ServerName www.example.com:80
ServerName localhost

然后再运行相同命令，仍然报相同错误。

如果对etc/apache2/conf/httpd.conf进行修改，再运行相同命令，发现AH00558错误解决，但AH00072错误仍然存在。

此处怀疑命令的权限不够

Apache error – (13)Permission denied: make_sock: could not bind to address，可以通过sudo运行，或者修改Apache的权限。此处暂时使用sudo

$ sudo apachectl -k start

然后AH00072错误没有了，用浏览器尝试访问localhost

此处怀疑当前运行的apachectl命令仍然使用Mac默认路径etc/apache2下的apache

为了验证这个想法，我们查看etc/apache2/conf/httpd.conf文件发现其DocumentRoot为：

DocumentRoot "/Library/WebServer/Documents"
<Directory "/Library/WebServer/Documents">

我们在该路径下（Command+Shift+G），找到文件index.html.en并修改

<html><body><h1>It works! Apache2 Default</h1></body></html>

然后通过浏览器重新访问localhost得到运行结果

问题来了

如何才能运行我们自定义目录下的httpd呢?

因为默认情况下，运行apachectl或者httpd命令会指向系统自带的etc/apache2目录。

如果要运行我们自行安装的./node-a/httpd实例

$ ./bin/httpd -k start

默认情况下命令回去尝试寻找"/Documents/Dev/servers/cluster/httpd/node-a/conf/httpd.conf"，而出错（为什么待解）

httpd: Could not open configuration file /Documents/Dev/servers/cluster/httpd/node-a/conf/httpd.conf: No such file or directory

我们用"-f"指定conf文件

$ ./bin/httpd -f /Users/Richard/Documents/Dev/servers/cluster/httpd/node-a/conf/httpd.conf -k start

这时可能会遇到错误

[Tue Dec 08 14:20:58.432961 2015] [core:error] [pid 18447:tid 4381061120] (13)Permission denied: [client ::1:50428] AH00035: access to / denied (filesystem path '/Users/Richard/Documents/Dev') because search permissions are missing on a component of the path
[Tue Dec 08 14:20:58.601201 2015] [core:error] [pid 18447:tid 4381061120] (13)Permission denied: [client ::1:50428] AH00035: access to /favicon.ico denied (filesystem path '/Users/Richard/Documents/Dev') because search permissions are missing on a component of the path, referer: http://localhost:81/

可以通过Httpd Wiki上的说明，

• AH00132: file permissions deny server access
• AH00035: access denied because search permissions are missing on a component of the path

查看"./node-a/htdocs/index.html"的授权

ls -l index.html

如果需要可以通过以下命令修正

chmod 644 index.html

最后我们修改"./node-a/htdocs/index.html"的内容

<html><body><h1>It works! Node-a</h1></body></html>

然后通过浏览器访问localhost:81

这样一个自定义路径的httpd实例就安装测试成功了