1 VM下Ubuntu安装和配置
1.1 安装Ubuntu系统
 这个就不说了，不知道的可以去看看其他的博文。
 
1.2 集群配置
    搭建一个由3台机器组成的集群：
IP user/passwd hostname role System
192.168.174.160 hadoop/hadoop master nn/snn/rm Ubuntu-14.04-32bit
192.168.174.161 hadoop/hadoop slave1 dn/nm Ubuntu-14.04-32bit
192.168.174.162 hadoop/hadoop slave2 dn/nm Ubuntu-14.04-32bit
        nn：    namenode
        snn：  secondary namenode
        dn：    datanode
        rm：    resourcemanager
        nm：    nodemanager
 
1.3 创建用户
    我这里给每台机器创建一个hadoop的用户，密码也为hadoop，修改/etc/sudoers文件，增加：hadoop  ALL=(ALL) ALL，给每个账户分配sudo的权限。
root@master:/home/duanwf# useradd --create-home hadoop

root@master:/home/duanwf# passwd hadoop

root@master:~# vi /etc/sudoers

# User privilege specification

root ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL

duanwf ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL

hadoop ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL
1.4 设定电脑的IP为静态地址
 
1.5 设置各个主机的hostname

　　打开/etc/hostname文件：

root@master:~# vi /etc/hostname

master

　　将/etc/hostname文件中的机器名改为你想取的机器名， 重启系统后才会生效。

 
1.6 在以上三台电脑的/etc/hosts添加以上配置的hostname
root@master:~# vi /etc/hosts

127.0.0.1 localhost

127.0.1.1 ubuntu 

# The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts

::1 ip6-localhost ip6-loopback

fe00::0 ip6-localnet

ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix

ff02::1 ip6-allnodes

ff02::2 ip6-allrouters 

192.168.174.160 master

192.168.174.161 slave1

192.168.174.162 slave2

　　

1.7 设置SSH无密码登陆
　　安装SSH
duanwf@master:~$ sudo apt-get install ssh

　　查看SSH是否安装成功以及版本

duanwf@master:~$ ssh -V

OpenSSH_6.6.1p1 Ubuntu-2ubuntu2, OpenSSL 1.0.1f 6 Jan 2014

　　安装完成后会在~目录（当前用户主目录，即这里的/home/hadoop）下产生一个隐藏文件夹.ssh（ls  -a 可以查看隐藏文件）。如果没有这个文件，自己新建即可（mkdir .ssh）。

duanwf@master:~$ cd /home/hadoop 

duanwf@master:~$ ls -a

duanwf@master:~$ mkdir .ssh

　　进入.ssh文件夹

duanwf@master:~$ cd .ssh

　　产生秘钥

duanwf@master:~/.ssh$ ssh-keygen -t rsa

Generating public/private rsa key pair.

Enter file in which to save the key (/home/duanwf/.ssh/id_rsa):

Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):

Enter same passphrase again:

Your identification has been saved in /home/duanwf/.ssh/id_rsa.

Your public key has been saved in /home/duanwf/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.

The key fingerprint is:

49:ad:12:42:36:15:c8:f6:42:08:c1:d9:a6:04:27:a1 duanwf@master

The key's randomart image is:

+--[ RSA 2048]----+

|O++o+oo. |

|.*.==. . |

|E oo... . . |

| . ...o o |

| .. S |

| . |

| |

| |

| |

+-----------------+

　　把id_rsa.pub 追加到授权的 key 里面去

duanwf@master:~/.ssh$ cat id_rsa.pub >> authorized_keys

　　重启 SSH 服务命令使其生效

duanwf@master:~/.ssh$ service ssh restart

stop: Rejected send message, 1 matched rules; type="method_call", sender=":1.109" (uid=1000 pid=8874 comm="stop ssh ") interface="com.ubuntu.Upstart0_6.Job" member="Stop" error name="(unset)" requested_reply="0" destination="com.ubuntu.Upstart" (uid=0 pid=1 comm="/sbin/init")

start: Rejected send message, 1 matched rules; type="method_call", sender=":1.110" (uid=1000 pid=8868 comm="start ssh ") interface="com.ubuntu.Upstart0_6.Job" member="Start" error name="(unset)" requested_reply="0" destination="com.ubuntu.Upstart" (uid=0 pid=1 comm="/sbin/init")

　　 将master的authorized_keys追加到slave1和slave2的authorized_keys：

　　把所有主机都配好之后再来完成该步骤。

　　这里只有一个是master，如果有多个namenode，或者rm的话则需要打通所有master都其他剩余节点的免密码登陆。

duanwf@master:~/.ssh$ scp authorized_keys duanwf@slave1:~/.ssh/authorized_keys_from_master

The authenticity of host 'slave1 (192.168.174.161)' can't be established.

ECDSA key fingerprint is 1f:c0:2a:ed:c1:7b:6e:26:46:e3:c3:b6:87:bb:99:42.

Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes

Warning: Permanently added 'slave1,192.168.174.161' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.

duanwf@slave1's password:

authorized_keys 100% 395 0.4KB/s 00:00

duanwf@master:~/.ssh$ scp authorized_keys duanwf@slave2:~/.ssh/authorized_keys_from_master

The authenticity of host 'slave2 (192.168.174.162)' can't be established.

ECDSA key fingerprint is 1f:c0:2a:ed:c1:7b:6e:26:46:e3:c3:b6:87:bb:99:42.

Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes

Warning: Permanently added 'slave2,192.168.174.162' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.

duanwf@slave2's password:

authorized_keys 100% 395 0.4KB/s 00:00

　　进入slave1和slave2的.ssh目录

duanwf@slave1:~$ cd .ssh

duanwf@slave1:~/.ssh$ ssh -V

OpenSSH_6.6.1p1 Ubuntu-2ubuntu2, OpenSSL 1.0.1f 6 Jan 2014

duanwf@slave1:~/.ssh$ cat authorized_keys_from_master >> authorized_keys

duanwf@slave1:~/.ssh$ ls

authorized_keys authorized_keys_from_master

duanwf@slave2:~/.ssh$ ssh -V

OpenSSH_6.6.1p1 Ubuntu-2ubuntu2, OpenSSL 1.0.1f 6 Jan 2014

duanwf@slave2:~/.ssh$ cat authorized_keys_from_master >> authorized_keys

duanwf@slave2:~/.ssh$ ls

authorized_keys authorized_keys_from_master

　　验证SSH无密码登录

duanwf@master:~/.ssh$ ssh slave1

Welcome to Ubuntu 14.04.1 LTS (GNU/Linux 3.13.0-32-generic i686) 

* Documentation: https://help.ubuntu.com/ 

208 packages can be updated.

110 updates are security updates. 

Last login: Tue Oct 7 18:25:31 2014 from 192.168.174.1

　　如上显示，说明已经安装成功，第一次登录时会询问你是否继续链接，输入yes即可以进入。

　　实际上，在hadoop的安装过程中，是否无密码登陆不是必须的，但是如果不配置无密码登陆的话，每次启动hadoop，都需要输入密码以登陆到每台daotanode，考虑到一般的hadoop集群动辄数十数百台机器，因此一般来说都会配置ssh的无密码登陆。

2 JDK安装和配置
2.1 JDK下载
 
2.2 解压下载的jdk到/opt目录下
hadoop@master:/home/duanwf/Installpackage$ sudo tar zxvf jdk-7u51-linux-i586.tar.gz -C /opt/

2.3 jdk环境变量配置

在终端输入以下命令来修改文件/etc/profile

hadoop@master:~$ sudo vi /etc/profile

在文件最后加上

export JAVA_HOME=/opt/jdk1.7.0_51

export JRE_HOME=/opt/jdk1.7.0_51/jre

export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JRE_HOME/lib:$CLASSPATH

export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH

使修改生效，执行命令：　　

hadoop@master:~$ source /etc/profile

验证java环境变量是否配置成功：

hadoop@master:~$ java -version

java version "1.7.0_51"

Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.7.0_51-b13)

Java HotSpot(TM) Client VM (build 24.51-b03, mixed mode)
3、防火墙配置
ubuntu下关闭防火墙，执行命令：
hadoop@master:~$ sudo ufw disable
4、Hadoop-2.4.1的安装和配置
4.1 编译hadoop-2.4.1-src.tar.gz源包
对于64位操作系统，需要重新编译源码包。
 
4.2 解压安装包hadoop-2.4.1.tar.gz
hadoop@master:/home/duanwf/Installpackage$ sudo tar zxvf hadoop-2.4.1.tar.gz -C /opt/
4.3 Hadoop环境变量配置
修改/etc/profile文件，加入以下内容：
hadoop@master:~$ sudo vi /etc/profile

export HADOOP_DEV_HOME=/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1/

export HADOOP_MAPARED_HOME=${HADOOP_DEV_HOME}

export HADOOP_COMMON_HOME=${HADOOP_DEV_HOME}

export HADOOP_HDFS_HOME=${HADOOP_DEV_HOME}

export YARN_HOME=${HADOOP_DEV_HOME}

export HADOOP_CONF_DIR=${HADOOP_DEV_HOME}/etc/hadoop

export PATH=$HADOOP_DEV_HOME/bin:$HADOOP_DEV_HOME/sbin:$PATH
使修改的配置生效，在终端输入命令：
hadoop@master:~$ source /etc/profile

查看Hadoop环境变量是否生效，在终端执行命令：

hadoop@master:~$ hadoop

Usage: hadoop [--config confdir] COMMAND

where COMMAND is one of:

fs run a generic filesystem user client

version print the version

jar <jar> run a jar file

checknative [-a|-h] check native hadoop and compression libraries availability

distcp <srcurl> <desturl> copy file or directories recursively

archive -archiveName NAME -p <parent path> <src>* <dest> create a hadoop archive

classpath prints the class path needed to get the

Hadoop jar and the required libraries

daemonlog get/set the log level for each daemon

or

CLASSNAME run the class named CLASSNAME 

Most commands print help when invoked w/o parameters.

　　　　

4.4 hadoop配置

配置之前，需要在master本地文件系统创建以下文件夹：

~/dfs/name

~/dfs/data

~/temp

hadoop@master:~$ mkdir ~/dfs 

hadoop@master:~$ mkdir ~/temp 

hadoop@master:~$ mkdir ~/dfs/name 

hadoop@master:~$ mkdir ~/dfs/data

　　　　

这里要涉及到的配置文件有7个：

~/hadoop-2.4.1/etc/hadoop/hadoop-env.sh

~/hadoop-2.4.1/etc/hadoop/yarn-env.sh

~/hadoop-2.4.1/etc/hadoop/slaves

~/hadoop-2.4.1/etc/hadoop/core-site.xml

~/hadoop-2.4.1/etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml

~/hadoop-2.4.1/etc/hadoop/mapred-site.xml.template

~/hadoop-2.4.1/etc/hadoop/yarn-site.xml

<---------------------------------- hadoop-env.sh --------------------------------->

hadoop@master:/opt/hadoop-2.4.1/etc/hadoop$ sudo vi hadoop-env.sh

# The java implementation to use.

export JAVA_HOME=/opt/jdk1.7.0_51/

<---------------------------------- yarn-env.sh --------------------------------->

hadoop@master:/opt/hadoop-2.4.1/etc/hadoop$ sudo vi yarn-env.sh

# some Java parameters

export JAVA_HOME=/opt/jdk1.7.0_51/

<---------------------------------- slaves --------------------------------->

hadoop@master:/opt/hadoop-2.4.1/etc/hadoop$ sudo vi slaves

slave1

slave2

<---------------------------------- core-site.xml --------------------------------->

hadoop@master:~/hadoop-2.4.1/etc/hadoop$ sudo vi core-site.xml

<configuration>

       <property>

                 <name>fs.defaultFS</name>

                 <value>hdfs://master:9000</value>

       </property>

       <property>

                 <name>io.file.buffer.size</name>

                 <value>131072</value>

       </property>

       <property>

                 <name>hadoop.tmp.dir</name>

                 <value>/home/hadoop/temp/</value>

                 <description>Abase for other temporary directories.</description>

       </property>

       <property>

               <name>hadoop.proxyuser.hduser.hosts</name>

               <value>*</value>

       </property>

       <property>

                        <name>hadoop.proxyuser.hduser.groups</name>

               <value>*</value>

       </property>

</configuration>

<---------------------------------- hdfs-site.xml --------------------------------->

hadoop@master:/opt/hadoop-2.4.1/etc/hadoop$ sudo vi hdfs-site.xml

<configuration>

 <property>

         <name>dfs.namenode.secondary.http-address</name>

         <value>master:9001</value>

        </property>

        <property>

         <name>dfs.namenode.name.dir</name>

         <value>/home/hadoop/dfs/name/</value>

        </property>

        <property>

                <name>dfs.datanode.data.dir</name>

                <value>/home/hadoop/dfs/data/</value>

        </property>

        <property>

         <name>dfs.replication</name>

         <value>3</value>

        </property>

        <property>

         <name>dfs.webhdfs.enabled</name>

                <value>true</value>

         </property>

</configuration>

<---------------------------------- mapred-site.xml.template --------------------------------->

hadoop@master:/opt/hadoop-2.4.1/etc/hadoop$ sudo vi mapred-site.xml.template

<configuration>

 <property>

  <name>mapreduce.framework.name</name>

  <value>yarn</value>

 </property>

 <property>

  <name>mapreduce.jobhistory.address</name>

   <value>master:10020</value>

 </property>

 <property>

  <name>mapreduce.jobhistory.webapp.address</name>

  <value>master:19888</value>

       </property>

</configuration>

<---------------------------------- yarn-site.xml --------------------------------->

hadoop@master:/opt/hadoop-2.4.1/etc/hadoop$ sudo vi yarn-site.xml

<configuration>

<!-- Site specific YARN configuration properties -->

<property>

  <name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-services</name>

                <value>mapreduce_shuffle</value>

        </property>

 <property>

                <name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-services.mapreduce.shuffle.class</name>

                <value>org.apache.hadoop.mapred.ShuffleHandler</value>

        </property>

        <property>

                <name>yarn.resourcemanager.address</name>

                <value>master:8032</value>

       </property>

 <property>

                <name>yarn.resourcemanager.scheduler.address</name>

                <value> master:8030</value>

 </property>

 <property>

  <name>yarn.resourcemanager.resource-tracker.address</name>

   <value> master:8031</value>

  </property>

 <property>

   <name>yarn.resourcemanager.admin.address</name>

    <value> master:8033</value>

 </property>

  <property>

  <name>yarn.resourcemanager.webapp.address</name>

  <value> master:8088</value>

        </property>

</configuration>

Hadoop配置文件修改

　　

4.5 复制到其他节点
　　进入slave1:
hadoop@slave1:~$ scp -r hadoop@master:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1/ /home/hadoop/

　　进入slave2:

hadoop@slave2:~$ scp -r hadoop@master:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1/ /home/hadoop/
4.6 Hadoop启动
(1)格式化HDFS
hadoop@master:~/hadoop-2.4.1$ ./bin/hdfs namenode -format

14/10/08 18:43:05 INFO namenode.NameNode: STARTUP_MSG:

/************************************************************

STARTUP_MSG: Starting NameNode

STARTUP_MSG: host = master/192.168.174.160

STARTUP_MSG: args = [-format]

STARTUP_MSG: version = 2.4.1

STARTUP_MSG: classpath = /home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1//etc/hadoop:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1//share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-beanutils-core-1.8.0.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1//share/hadoop/common/lib/snappy-java-1.0.4.1.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1//share/hadoop/common/lib/jackson-mapper-asl-1.8.8.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1//share/hadoop/common/lib/jersey-core-1.9.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1//share/hadoop/common/lib/java-xmlbuilder-0.4.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1//share/hadoop/common/lib/xz-1.0.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1//share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-el-1.0.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1//share/hadoop/common/lib/jackson-jaxrs-1.8.8.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1//share/hadoop/common/lib/hadoop-annotations-2.4.1.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1//share/hadoop/common/lib/jsr305-1.3.9.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1//share/hadoop/common/lib/httpcore-4.2.5.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1//share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-compress-1.4.1.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1//share/hadoop/common/lib/junit-4.8.2.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1//share/hadoop/common/lib/xmlenc-0.52.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1//share/hadoop/common/lib/protobuf-java-2.5.0.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1//share/hadoop/common/lib/avro-1.7.4.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1//share/hadoop/common/lib/jsch-0.1.42.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1//share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-lang-2.6.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1//share/hadoop/common/lib/jackson-core-asl-1.8.8.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1//share/hadoop/common/lib/asm-3.2.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1//share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-cli-1.2.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1//share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-beanutils-1.7.0.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1//share/hadoop/common/lib/jetty-util-6.1.26.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1//share/hadoop/common/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.7.5.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1//share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-codec-1.4.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1//share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-httpclient-3.1.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1//share/hadoop/common/lib/jasper-compiler-5.5.23.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1//share/hadoop/common/lib/jets3t-0.9.0.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1//share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-net-3.1.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1//share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-math3-3.1.1.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1//share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-logging-1.1.3.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1//share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-digester-1.8.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1//share/hadoop/common/lib/netty-3.6.2.Final.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1//share/hadoop/common/lib/jaxb-impl-2.2.3-1.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1//share/hadoop/common/lib/stax-api-1.0-2.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1//share/hadoop/common/lib/activation-1.1.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1//share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-configuration-1.6.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1//share/hadoop/common/lib/jersey-json-1.9.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1//share/hadoop/common/lib/jackson-xc-1.8.8.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1//share/hadoop/common/lib/httpclient-4.2.5.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1//share/hadoop/common/lib/jersey-server-1.9.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1//share/hadoop/common/lib/mockito-all-1.8.5.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1//share/hadoop/common/lib/zookeeper-3.4.5.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1//share/hadoop/common/lib/jettison-1.1.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1//share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-collections-3.2.1.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1//share/hadoop/common/lib/log4j-1.2.17.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1//share/hadoop/common/lib/jsp-api-2.1.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1//share/hadoop/common/lib/guava-11.0.2.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1//share/hadoop/common/lib/hadoop-auth-2.4.1.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1//share/hadoop/common/lib/jasper-runtime-5.5.23.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1//share/hadoop/common/lib/jaxb-api-2.2.2.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1//share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-io-2.4.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1//share/hadoop/common/lib/jetty-6.1.26.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1//share/hadoop/common/lib/slf4j-api-1.7.5.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1//share/hadoop/common/lib/servlet-api-2.5.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1//share/hadoop/common/lib/paranamer-2.3.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1//share/hadoop/common/hadoop-nfs-2.4.1.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1//share/hadoop/common/hadoop-common-2.4.1.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1//share/hadoop/common/hadoop-common-2.4.1-tests.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1//share/hadoop/hdfs:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1//share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/jackson-mapper-asl-1.8.8.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1//share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/jersey-core-1.9.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1//share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/commons-el-1.0.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1//share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/jsr305-1.3.9.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1//share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/xmlenc-0.52.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1//share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/protobuf-java-2.5.0.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1//share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/commons-lang-2.6.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1//share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/jackson-core-asl-1.8.8.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1//share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/asm-3.2.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1//share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/commons-cli-1.2.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1//share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/jetty-util-6.1.26.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1//share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/commons-codec-1.4.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1//share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/commons-logging-1.1.3.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1//share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/netty-3.6.2.Final.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1//share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/jersey-server-1.9.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1//share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/log4j-1.2.17.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1//share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/jsp-api-2.1.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1//share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/guava-11.0.2.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1//share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/jasper-runtime-5.5.23.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1//share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/commons-io-2.4.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1//share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/jetty-6.1.26.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1//share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/commons-daemon-1.0.13.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1//share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/servlet-api-2.5.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1//share/hadoop/hdfs/hadoop-hdfs-2.4.1-tests.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1//share/hadoop/hdfs/hadoop-hdfs-nfs-2.4.1.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1//share/hadoop/hdfs/hadoop-hdfs-2.4.1.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jackson-mapper-asl-1.8.8.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jersey-core-1.9.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/xz-1.0.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/guice-servlet-3.0.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jackson-jaxrs-1.8.8.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jsr305-1.3.9.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/commons-compress-1.4.1.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/protobuf-java-2.5.0.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/commons-lang-2.6.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jackson-core-asl-1.8.8.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/asm-3.2.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/commons-cli-1.2.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/javax.inject-1.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jetty-util-6.1.26.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/commons-codec-1.4.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/commons-httpclient-3.1.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/leveldbjni-all-1.8.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jersey-client-1.9.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/commons-logging-1.1.3.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jaxb-impl-2.2.3-1.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/stax-api-1.0-2.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/activation-1.1.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jersey-json-1.9.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jackson-xc-1.8.8.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jersey-server-1.9.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/zookeeper-3.4.5.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/guice-3.0.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/aopalliance-1.0.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jettison-1.1.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/commons-collections-3.2.1.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jline-0.9.94.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/log4j-1.2.17.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/guava-11.0.2.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jersey-guice-1.9.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jaxb-api-2.2.2.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/commons-io-2.4.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jetty-6.1.26.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/servlet-api-2.5.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1/share/hadoop/yarn/hadoop-yarn-server-tests-2.4.1.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1/share/hadoop/yarn/hadoop-yarn-server-resourcemanager-2.4.1.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1/share/hadoop/yarn/hadoop-yarn-applications-distributedshell-2.4.1.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1/share/hadoop/yarn/hadoop-yarn-client-2.4.1.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1/share/hadoop/yarn/hadoop-yarn-server-applicationhistoryservice-2.4.1.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1/share/hadoop/yarn/hadoop-yarn-server-nodemanager-2.4.1.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1/share/hadoop/yarn/hadoop-yarn-common-2.4.1.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1/share/hadoop/yarn/hadoop-yarn-applications-unmanaged-am-launcher-2.4.1.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1/share/hadoop/yarn/hadoop-yarn-server-web-proxy-2.4.1.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1/share/hadoop/yarn/hadoop-yarn-server-common-2.4.1.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1/share/hadoop/yarn/hadoop-yarn-api-2.4.1.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/snappy-java-1.0.4.1.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/jackson-mapper-asl-1.8.8.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/jersey-core-1.9.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/hamcrest-core-1.1.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/xz-1.0.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/guice-servlet-3.0.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/hadoop-annotations-2.4.1.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/commons-compress-1.4.1.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/protobuf-java-2.5.0.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/avro-1.7.4.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/jackson-core-asl-1.8.8.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/asm-3.2.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/javax.inject-1.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/netty-3.6.2.Final.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/junit-4.10.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/jersey-server-1.9.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/guice-3.0.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/aopalliance-1.0.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/log4j-1.2.17.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/jersey-guice-1.9.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/commons-io-2.4.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/paranamer-2.3.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1/share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-client-hs-plugins-2.4.1.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1/share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-client-hs-2.4.1.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1/share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-examples-2.4.1.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1/share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-client-jobclient-2.4.1.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1/share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-client-shuffle-2.4.1.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1/share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-client-jobclient-2.4.1-tests.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1/share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-client-core-2.4.1.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1/share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-client-app-2.4.1.jar:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1/share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-client-common-2.4.1.jar:/contrib/capacity-scheduler/*.jar

STARTUP_MSG: build = http://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/hadoop/common -r 1604318; compiled by 'jenkins' on 2014-06-21T05:43Z

STARTUP_MSG: java = 1.7.0_51

************************************************************/

14/10/08 18:43:05 INFO namenode.NameNode: registered UNIX signal handlers for [TERM, HUP, INT]

14/10/08 18:43:05 INFO namenode.NameNode: createNameNode [-format]

14/10/08 18:43:06 WARN common.Util: Path /home/hadoop/dfs/name/ should be specified as a URI in configuration files. Please update hdfs configuration.

14/10/08 18:43:06 WARN common.Util: Path /home/hadoop/dfs/name/ should be specified as a URI in configuration files. Please update hdfs configuration.

Formatting using clusterid: CID-f1441872-89ef-4733-98df-454c18da5043

14/10/08 18:43:06 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: fsLock is fair:true

14/10/08 18:43:06 INFO namenode.HostFileManager: read includes:

HostSet(

)

14/10/08 18:43:06 INFO namenode.HostFileManager: read excludes:

HostSet(

)

14/10/08 18:43:06 INFO blockmanagement.DatanodeManager: dfs.block.invalidate.limit=1000

14/10/08 18:43:06 INFO blockmanagement.DatanodeManager: dfs.namenode.datanode.registration.ip-hostname-check=true

14/10/08 18:43:06 INFO util.GSet: Computing capacity for map BlocksMap

14/10/08 18:43:06 INFO util.GSet: VM type = 32-bit

14/10/08 18:43:06 INFO util.GSet: 2.0% max memory 966.7 MB = 19.3 MB

14/10/08 18:43:06 INFO util.GSet: capacity = 2^22 = 4194304 entries

14/10/08 18:43:06 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: dfs.block.access.token.enable=false

14/10/08 18:43:06 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: defaultReplication = 3

14/10/08 18:43:06 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: maxReplication = 512

14/10/08 18:43:06 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: minReplication = 1

14/10/08 18:43:06 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: maxReplicationStreams = 2

14/10/08 18:43:06 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: shouldCheckForEnoughRacks = false

14/10/08 18:43:06 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: replicationRecheckInterval = 3000

14/10/08 18:43:06 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: encryptDataTransfer = false

14/10/08 18:43:06 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: maxNumBlocksToLog = 1000

14/10/08 18:43:06 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: fsOwner = hadoop (auth:SIMPLE)

14/10/08 18:43:06 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: supergroup = supergroup

14/10/08 18:43:06 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: isPermissionEnabled = true

14/10/08 18:43:06 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: HA Enabled: false

14/10/08 18:43:06 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: Append Enabled: true

14/10/08 18:43:06 INFO util.GSet: Computing capacity for map INodeMap

14/10/08 18:43:06 INFO util.GSet: VM type = 32-bit

14/10/08 18:43:06 INFO util.GSet: 1.0% max memory 966.7 MB = 9.7 MB

14/10/08 18:43:06 INFO util.GSet: capacity = 2^21 = 2097152 entries

14/10/08 18:43:06 INFO namenode.NameNode: Caching file names occuring more than 10 times

14/10/08 18:43:06 INFO util.GSet: Computing capacity for map cachedBlocks

14/10/08 18:43:06 INFO util.GSet: VM type = 32-bit

14/10/08 18:43:06 INFO util.GSet: 0.25% max memory 966.7 MB = 2.4 MB

14/10/08 18:43:06 INFO util.GSet: capacity = 2^19 = 524288 entries

14/10/08 18:43:06 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: dfs.namenode.safemode.threshold-pct = 0.9990000128746033

14/10/08 18:43:06 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: dfs.namenode.safemode.min.datanodes = 0

14/10/08 18:43:06 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: dfs.namenode.safemode.extension = 30000

14/10/08 18:43:06 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: Retry cache on namenode is enabled

14/10/08 18:43:06 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: Retry cache will use 0.03 of total heap and retry cache entry expiry time is 600000 millis

14/10/08 18:43:06 INFO util.GSet: Computing capacity for map NameNodeRetryCache

14/10/08 18:43:06 INFO util.GSet: VM type = 32-bit

14/10/08 18:43:06 INFO util.GSet: 0.029999999329447746% max memory 966.7 MB = 297.0 KB

14/10/08 18:43:06 INFO util.GSet: capacity = 2^16 = 65536 entries

14/10/08 18:43:06 INFO namenode.AclConfigFlag: ACLs enabled? false

Re-format filesystem in Storage Directory /home/hadoop/dfs/name ? (Y or N) Y

14/10/08 18:43:10 INFO namenode.FSImage: Allocated new BlockPoolId: BP-215877782-192.168.174.160-1412764990823

14/10/08 18:43:10 INFO common.Storage: Storage directory /home/hadoop/dfs/name has been successfully formatted.

14/10/08 18:43:11 INFO namenode.NNStorageRetentionManager: Going to retain 1 images with txid >= 0

14/10/08 18:43:11 INFO util.ExitUtil: Exiting with status 0

14/10/08 18:43:11 INFO namenode.NameNode: SHUTDOWN_MSG:

/************************************************************

SHUTDOWN_MSG: Shutting down NameNode at master/192.168.174.160

************************************************************/

格式化HDFS：hadoop@master:~/hadoop-2.4.1$ ./bin/hdfs namenode -format

(2)启动HDFS
执行一下命令启动HDFS，会自动启动所有master的namenode和slave1,slave2的datanode：
hadoop@master:~/hadoop-2.4.1$ ./sbin/start-dfs.sh

Starting namenodes on [master]

The authenticity of host 'master (192.168.174.160)' can't be established.

ECDSA key fingerprint is 1f:c0:2a:ed:c1:7b:6e:26:46:e3:c3:b6:87:bb:99:42.

Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes

master: Warning: Permanently added 'master,192.168.174.160' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.

hadoop@master's password:

master: mkdir: 无法创建目录"/opt/hadoop-2.4.1/logs": 权限不够

master: chown: 无法访问"/opt/hadoop-2.4.1/logs": 没有那个文件或目录

master: starting namenode, logging to /opt/hadoop-2.4.1/logs/hadoop-hadoop-namenode-master.out

master: /opt/hadoop-2.4.1/sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh: 行 151: /opt/hadoop-2.4.1/logs/hadoop-hadoop-namenode-master.out: 没有那个文件或目录

master: head: 无法打开"/opt/hadoop-2.4.1/logs/hadoop-hadoop-namenode-master.out" 读取数据: 没有那个文件或目录

master: /opt/hadoop-2.4.1/sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh: 行 166: /opt/hadoop-2.4.1/logs/hadoop-hadoop-namenode-master.out: 没有那个文件或目录

master: /opt/hadoop-2.4.1/sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh: 行 167: /opt/hadoop-2.4.1/logs/hadoop-hadoop-namenode-master.out: 没有那个文件或目录

The authenticity of host 'slave2 (192.168.174.162)' can't be established.

ECDSA key fingerprint is 1f:c0:2a:ed:c1:7b:6e:26:46:e3:c3:b6:87:bb:99:42.

Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? The authenticity of host 'slave1 (192.168.174.161)' can't be established.

ECDSA key fingerprint is 1f:c0:2a:ed:c1:7b:6e:26:46:e3:c3:b6:87:bb:99:42.

Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes

slave2: Warning: Permanently added 'slave2,192.168.174.162' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.

hadoop@slave2's password: Please type 'yes' or 'no':

slave1: Warning: Permanently added 'slave1,192.168.174.161' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.

hadoop@slave1's password:

slave2: mkdir: 无法创建目录"/opt/hadoop-2.4.1/logs": 权限不够

slave2: chown: 无法访问"/opt/hadoop-2.4.1/logs": 没有那个文件或目录

slave2: starting datanode, logging to /opt/hadoop-2.4.1/logs/hadoop-hadoop-datanode-slave2.out

slave2: /opt/hadoop-2.4.1/sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh: 行 151: /opt/hadoop-2.4.1/logs/hadoop-hadoop-datanode-slave2.out: 没有那个文件或目录

slave2: head: 无法打开"/opt/hadoop-2.4.1/logs/hadoop-hadoop-datanode-slave2.out" 读取数据: 没有那个文件或目录

slave2: /opt/hadoop-2.4.1/sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh: 行 166: /opt/hadoop-2.4.1/logs/hadoop-hadoop-datanode-slave2.out: 没有那个文件或目录

slave2: /opt/hadoop-2.4.1/sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh: 行 167: /opt/hadoop-2.4.1/logs/hadoop-hadoop-datanode-slave2.out: 没有那个文件或目录

hadoop@master:~/hadoop-2.4.1$ ./sbin/start-dfs.sh

【出现问题】
mkdir: 无法创建目录"/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1/logs": 权限不够 
 
【解决办法】
在master上都执行命令：
hadoop@master:~$ sudo chown -R hadoop:hadoop hadoop-2.4.1/

slave1和slave2同样需要执行。

重新启动HDFS
hadoop@master:~/hadoop-2.4.1$ ./sbin/start-dfs.sh

Starting namenodes on [master]

hadoop@master's password:

master: starting namenode, logging to /home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1/logs/hadoop-hadoop-namenode-master.out

hadoop@slave1's password: hadoop@slave2's password:

slave1: starting datanode, logging to /home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1/logs/hadoop-hadoop-datanode-slave1.out 

hadoop@slave2's password: slave2: Permission denied, please try again. 

slave2: starting datanode, logging to /home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1/logs/hadoop-hadoop-datanode-slave2.out

Starting secondary namenodes [master]

hadoop@master's password:

master: starting secondarynamenode, logging to /home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1/logs/hadoop-hadoop-secondarynamenode-master.out

hadoop@master:~/hadoop-2.4.1$ ./sbin/start-dfs.sh

检查Hadoop集群是否安装好了，在master上面运行jps，如果有NameNode这个进程，说明master安装好了：
hadoop@master:~/hadoop-2.4.1$ jps

31711 SecondaryNameNode

31464 NameNode

31857 Jps
在slave1上面运行jps，如果有DataNode这个进程，说明slave1安装好了。
hadoop@slave1:~$ jps

5529 DataNode

5610 Jps
在slave2上面运行jps，如果有DataNode这个进程，说明slave1安装好了。
hadoop@slave2:~$ jps

8119 Jps

8035 DataNode

本文出自 “Forever Love” 博客，转载请务必保留此出处http://www.cnblogs.com/dwf07223/p/4012406.html。

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