【LeetCode】93. Restore IP Addresses 解题报告(Python & C++)
作者: 负雪明烛
id: fuxuemingzhu
个人博客: http://fuxuemingzhu.cn/
题目地址:https://leetcode.com/problems/restore-ip-addresses/description/
题目描述
Given a string containing only digits, restore it by returning all possible valid IP address combinations.
Example:
Input: "25525511135"
Output: ["255.255.11.135", "255.255.111.35"]
题目大意
题目中给了一个仅有数字组成的字符串,要求这个字符串能构成的合法IP组合。
解题方法
回溯法
我是按照Tag刷的,当然知道这个题是回溯法了。。其实只要看到所有的组合,一般都是用回溯。
第一遍超时,原因是没有找到合理的剪枝!!这就是回溯法最难的地方:剪枝!
当然了,看出了测试用例是一个特别长的由1组成的字符串,仅仅这一个测试用例超时,所以我加上了len(s)和12的判断就ok了。所以有了下面的版本:
代码如下:
class Solution(object):
def restoreIpAddresses(self, s):
"""
:type s: str
:rtype: List[str]
"""
if len(s) > 12:
return []
res = []
self.dfs(s, [], res)
return res
def dfs(self, s, path, res):
if not s and len(path) == 4:
res.append('.'.join(path))
return
for i in range(1, 4):
if i > len(s):
continue
number = int(s[:i])
if str(number) == s[:i] and number <= 255:
self.dfs(s[i:], path + [s[:i]], res)
看到了题目中有别的同学的剪枝方法特别好,那就是每次dfs的时候都去检查一下所有的字符串的长度是不是能满足在最多4个3位数字组成,果然速度提升了很多:
class Solution(object):
def restoreIpAddresses(self, s):
"""
:type s: str
:rtype: List[str]
"""
res = []
self.dfs(s, [], res)
return res
def dfs(self, s, path, res):
if len(s) > (4 - len(path)) * 3:
return
if not s and len(path) == 4:
res.append('.'.join(path))
return
for i in range(min(3, len(s))):
curr = s[:i+1]
if (curr[0] == '0' and len(curr) >= 2) or int(curr) > 255:
continue
self.dfs(s[i+1:], path + [s[:i+1]], res)
二刷的时候,使用的C++,同样需要使用合理的剪枝,提交的时候有一次WA,原因是没有考虑0开头的整数是不合法的。代码如下:
class Solution {
public:
vector<string> restoreIpAddresses(string s) {
if (s.size() > 12) return {};
vector<string> res;
helper(s, res, {}, 0);
return res;
}
void helper(const string& s, vector<string>& res, vector<string> path, int start) {
if (start > s.size() || path.size() > 4) return;
if (start == s.size() && path.size() == 4) {
res.push_back(path[0] + '.' + path[1] + '.' + path[2] + '.' + path[3]);
return;
}
for (int i = 1; i <= 3; i++) {
string sub = s.substr(start, i);
if (sub.size() == 0 || (sub.size() > 1 && sub[0] == '0') || stoi(sub) > 255) continue;
path.push_back(sub);
helper(s, res, path, start + i);
path.pop_back();
}
}
};
日期
2018 年 6 月 11 日 —— 今天学科三在路上跑的飞快~
2018 年 12 月 22 日 —— 今天冬至
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