sql server 表分区

背景：

一般情况下，我们建立数据库表时，表数据都存放在一个文件里。

但是如果是分区表的话，表数据就会按照你指定的规则分放到不同的文件里，把一个大的数据文件拆分为多个小文件，还可以把这些小文件放在不同的磁盘下由多个cpu进行处理。这样文件的大小随着拆分而减小，还得到硬件系统的加强，自然对我们操作数据是大大有利的。

1.创建文件组

alter database <数据库名> add filegroup <文件组名>

alter database HARVEY add filegroup ByIdGroup1

alter database HARVEY add filegroup ByIdGroup2

alter database HARVEY add filegroup ByIdGroup3

2.创建数据文件到文件组里面

alter database <数据库名称> add file <数据标识> to filegroup <文件组名称>

alter database HARVEY add file

(name=N'ById1',filename=N'C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\DATA\file1.ndf',size=5Mb,filegrowth=5mb)to filegroup ByIdGroup1

alter database HARVEY add file

(name=N'ById2',filename=N'C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\DATA\file2.ndf',size=5Mb,filegrowth=5mb)to filegroup ByIdGroup2

alter database HARVEY add file

(name=N'ById3',filename=N'C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\DATA\file3.ndf',size=5Mb,filegrowth=5mb)to filegroup ByIdGroup3

若以后想增加文件到文件组，只需

alter database HARVEY add file

(name=N'ById4',filename=N'C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\DATA\file4.ndf',size=5Mb,filegrowth=5mb)to filegroup ByIdGroup1

还有另外的文件方式如下等，不再扩展

file(

NAME = N'File1',

FILENAME = N'G:\data\FG1\File1.ndf',

SIZE = 1MB,

MAXSIZE = 100MB,

FILEGROWTH = 10%

)

注意：加上 N 代表存入数据库时以 Unicode 格式存储。

N'string' 表示string是个Unicode字符串

3.创建分区函数

--创建分区函数语法

create partition function 分区函数名(<分区列类型>) as range [left/right] for values (每个分区的边界值,....)

--删除分区语法

drop partition function <分区函数名>

--创建分区函数

CREATE PARTITION FUNCTION[bgPartitionFun](int) AS RANGE LEFT FOR VALUES (

N'2',--sql server自动将字符串转为int类型

N'4',

N'6') --4个分区

--按照时间分区函数

DECLARE @dt datetime

SET @dt = '20020101'

CREATE PARTITION FUNCTION PF_HistoryArchive(datetime)

AS RANGE LEFT|RIGHT

FOR VALUES(

@dt, --string类型，sql server会自动将字符串转化为datetime

DATEADD(Year, 1, @dt))

注意：LEFT相当于左区间，RIGHT相当于右区间

4.创建分区方案

--创建分区方案语法

create partition scheme <分区方案名称> as partition <分区函数名称> [all]to (文件组名称,....)

--删除分区方案语法

drop partition scheme<分区方案名称>

--删除分区方案 bgPartitionSchema

drop partition scheme bgPartitionSchema1

CREATE PARTITION SCHEME [bgPartitionSchema] AS PARTITION [bgPartitionFun] TO ([ByIdGroup1], [ByIdGroup2], [ByIdGroup3],[ByIdGroup1])

注意：分区函数必须关联分区方案才能有效，然而分区方案指定的文件组数量必须与分区数量一致，哪怕多个分区存放在一个文件组中。

5.分区索引

--创建分区索引语法

create <索引分类> index <索引名称> on <表名>(列名)on <分区方案名>(分区依据列名)

--创建分区索引

CREATE CLUSTERED INDEX [ClusteredIndex_on_bgPartitionSchema] ON [dbo].[BigOrder]

(

[OrderId]

)WITH (SORT_IN_TEMPDB = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, DROP_EXISTING = OFF, ONLINE = OFF) ON [bgPartitionSchema]([OrderId])

注意：使用分区索引查询，可以避免多个cpu操作多个磁盘时产生的冲突。

6.重建索引（对已存在的表进行分区）

（删除聚集索引以及需要分区字段的索引后重建该类索引，表被按分区值将分配到各文件组）

EXEC sp_helpindex N'BigOrder' --查看orders中使用的索引,删除clustered索引

drop index idx_cl_od on BigOrder;

CREATE CLUSTERED INDEX [ClusteredIndex_on_bgPartitionSchema] ON [dbo].[BigOrder]

{

　　 [OrderId]

}

WITH (SORT_IN_TEMPDB = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, DROP_EXISTING = OFF, ONLINE = OFF) ON [bgPartitionSchema]([OrderId])

7.建立分区表

--创建分区表语法

create table <表名> (

<列定义>

)on<分区方案名>(分区列名)

--创建分区表create table BigOrder (

OrderId int identity,

orderNum varchar(30) not null,

CreateDate datetime null default getdate()

)on bgPartitionSchema(OrderId)

8.判断数据在哪个分区上

select $partition.<分区函数>(分区列名)

select $partition.bgPartitionFun(3)

select $partition.bgPartitionFun(b.orderid) as partitionNum,b.* from BigOrder b

其他

查看分区信息sql

SELECT OBJECT_NAME(p.object_id) AS ObjectName,

i.name AS IndexName,

p.index_id AS IndexID,

ds.name AS PartitionScheme,

p.partition_number AS PartitionNumber,

fg.name AS FileGroupName,

prv_left.value AS LowerBoundaryValue,

prv_right.value AS UpperBoundaryValue,

CASE pf.boundary_value_on_right

WHEN 1 THEN 'RIGHT'

ELSE 'LEFT' END AS Range,

p.rows AS Rows

FROM sys.partitions AS p

JOIN sys.indexes AS i

ON i.object_id = p.object_id

AND i.index_id = p.index_id

JOIN sys.data_spaces AS ds

ON ds.data_space_id = i.data_space_id

JOIN sys.partition_schemes AS ps

ON ps.data_space_id = ds.data_space_id

JOIN sys.partition_functions AS pf

ON pf.function_id = ps.function_id

JOIN sys.destination_data_spaces AS dds2

ON dds2.partition_scheme_id = ps.data_space_id

AND dds2.destination_id = p.partition_number

JOIN sys.filegroups AS fg

ON fg.data_space_id = dds2.data_space_id

LEFT JOIN sys.partition_range_values AS prv_left

ON ps.function_id = prv_left.function_id

AND prv_left.boundary_id = p.partition_number - 1

LEFT JOIN sys.partition_range_values AS prv_right

ON ps.function_id = prv_right.function_id

AND prv_right.boundary_id = p.partition_number

WHERE

OBJECTPROPERTY(p.object_id, 'ISMSShipped') = 0

UNION ALL

SELECT

OBJECT_NAME(p.object_id) AS ObjectName,

i.name AS IndexName,

p.index_id AS IndexID,

NULL AS PartitionScheme,

p.partition_number AS PartitionNumber,

fg.name AS FileGroupName,

NULL AS LowerBoundaryValue,

NULL AS UpperBoundaryValue,

NULL AS Boundary,

p.rows AS Rows

FROM sys.partitions AS p

JOIN sys.indexes AS i

ON i.object_id = p.object_id

AND i.index_id = p.index_id

JOIN sys.data_spaces AS ds

ON ds.data_space_id = i.data_space_id

JOIN sys.filegroups AS fg

ON fg.data_space_id = i.data_space_id

WHERE

OBJECTPROPERTY(p.object_id, 'ISMSShipped') = 0

ORDER BY

ObjectName,

IndexID,

PartitionNumber

查看分区的相关情况

--查看分区及分区范围的情况

select * from sys.partitions where object_id = object_id('orders');

select * from sys.partition_range_values;

--查看分区架构情况

select * from sys.partition_schemes;

--查看某一特定分区列值属于哪个分区

select Performance.$partition.Part_func_orders('20050325') as partition_num;

--查看某一特定分区的记录

select * from orders where Performance.$partition.Part_func_orders(orderdate) = 2

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