Oracle 数据库禁止全表访问的时候direct path read /////

一般在OLAP环境中，大表在进行全表扫描的时候一般会出现direct path read等待事件，
如果在OLTP环境中，出现大量的direct path read直接路径读取，这样就有问题了。
一般在OLTP中，都是事物型的sql，如果想sql执行效率，那么最好从内存当中读取数据，直接从数据文件中读取，后果可想而知了。
这里就可能需要我们禁用direct path read。

第一种方法：使用10949事件禁止全表扫描的时候，使用direct path read

SQL> SELECT x.ksppinm NAME, y.ksppstvl VALUE, x.ksppdesc describ
  2     FROM SYS.x$ksppi x, SYS.x$ksppcv y
  3     where x.indx = y.indx
  4    AND (x.ksppinm ='_small_table_threshold'  or x.ksppinm='_serial_direct_read');

NAME                           VALUE                                              DESCRIB
------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
_small_table_threshold         382                                                lower threshold level of table size for direct reads
_serial_direct_read            auto                                               enable direct read in serial

SQL> SELECT x.ksppinm NAME, y.ksppstvl VALUE, x.ksppdesc describ
  2     FROM SYS.x$ksppi x, SYS.x$ksppcv y
  3     where x.indx = y.indx
  4    AND (x.ksppinm ='_small_table_threshold'  or x.ksppinm='_serial_direct_read');

NAME                           VALUE                                              DESCRIB
------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
_small_table_threshold         382                                                lower threshold level of table size for direct reads
_serial_direct_read            auto                                               enable direct read in serial
可以看到默认_serial_direct_read参数为auto，那么在oracle中，什么样的表会被断定为大表？可以看到_small_table_threshold隐含参数，其value为382，单位是block，默认值是db cache size的2%大小，这个是在实例启动的时候动态决定的。在11gr2之后，当一个表的块数大于_small_table_threshold的时候，就被判定为大表，否则就视为小表。对于大表，在进行全表扫描的时候，oracle会根据_serial_direct_read的值来确定是否执行direct path read，如果值为auto，那就会direct path read。

使用10949事件禁用direct path read：

SQL> Alter system set event='10949 TRACE NAME CONTEXT FOREVER, level 1' scope=spfile; 

System altered.

SQL> Alter system set event='10949 TRACE NAME CONTEXT FOREVER, level 1' scope=spfile; 

System altered.
使用alter命令禁用direct path read：

SQL> alter session set "_serial_direct_read"=false;

Session altered.

SQL> SELECT x.ksppinm NAME, y.ksppstvl VALUE, x.ksppdesc describ
  2     FROM SYS.x$ksppi x, SYS.x$ksppcv y
  3     where x.indx = y.indx
  4    AND (x.ksppinm ='_small_table_threshold'  or x.ksppinm='_serial_direct_read');

NAME                                     VALUE                DESCRIB
---------------------------------------- -------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------
_small_table_threshold                   382                  lower threshold level of table size for direct reads
_serial_direct_read                      FALSE                enable direct read in serial

SQL> alter session set "_serial_direct_read"=false;

Session altered.

SQL> SELECT x.ksppinm NAME, y.ksppstvl VALUE, x.ksppdesc describ
  2     FROM SYS.x$ksppi x, SYS.x$ksppcv y
  3     where x.indx = y.indx
  4    AND (x.ksppinm ='_small_table_threshold'  or x.ksppinm='_serial_direct_read');

NAME                                     VALUE                DESCRIB
---------------------------------------- -------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------
_small_table_threshold                   382                  lower threshold level of table size for direct reads
_serial_direct_read                      FALSE                enable direct read in serial
开启direct path read：

SQL>  alter session set "_serial_direct_read"=auto;

Session altered.

SQL>
SQL> SELECT x.ksppinm NAME, y.ksppstvl VALUE, x.ksppdesc describ
  2     FROM SYS.x$ksppi x, SYS.x$ksppcv y
  3     where x.indx = y.indx
  4    AND (x.ksppinm ='_small_table_threshold'  or x.ksppinm='_serial_direct_read');

NAME                                     VALUE                DESCRIB
---------------------------------------- -------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------
_small_table_threshold                   382                  lower threshold level of table size for direct reads
_serial_direct_read                      AUTO                 enable direct read in serial

SQL>  alter session set "_serial_direct_read"=auto;

Session altered.

SQL>
SQL> SELECT x.ksppinm NAME, y.ksppstvl VALUE, x.ksppdesc describ
  2     FROM SYS.x$ksppi x, SYS.x$ksppcv y
  3     where x.indx = y.indx
  4    AND (x.ksppinm ='_small_table_threshold'  or x.ksppinm='_serial_direct_read');

NAME                                     VALUE                DESCRIB
---------------------------------------- -------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------
_small_table_threshold                   382                  lower threshold level of table size for direct reads
_serial_direct_read                      AUTO                 enable direct read in serial
还有一个参数 _very_large_object_threshold 用于设定（MB单位）使用direct path read方式的上限，这个参数需要结合10949事件共同发挥作用。
10949 事件设置任何一个级别都将禁用direct path read的方式执行full table scan，但是仅限于小于 5 倍 BUFFER Cache的数据表。
同时，如果一个表的大小大于 0.8 倍的 _very_large_object_threshold  设置，也会执行direct path read.