Python操作数据库类 Oracle、Sqlserver、PostgreSQL
我在工作中经常使用Python，特点很明显，轻量，效率还不错，尤其在维护或者自动化方面。
下面是我使用到的访问数据库（Oracle、Sqlserver、PostgreSQL）的公共类。
一、Oracl访问类
import cx_Oracle class DBOrc:
# Oracle 连接工具
SHOW_SQL = True def __init__(self, host, port, user, password, sid):
self.host = host
self.port = port
self.user = user
self.password = password
self.sid = sid
self._conn = None
self .__GetConnect() def __GetConnect(self):
if not self._conn:
dsn_tns = cx_Oracle.makedsn(self.host, self.port, self.sid)
dsn_tns = dsn_tns.replace('SID', 'SERVICE_NAME')
self._conn = cx_Oracle.connect(self.user, self.password, dsn_tns)
else:
pass def __del__(self):
if self._conn:
self._conn.close()
self._conn = None def _NewCursor(self):
cur = self._conn.cursor()
if cur:
return cur
else:
print("#Error# Get New Cursor Failed.")
return None def _DelCursor(self, cur):
if cur:
cur.close() # 检查是否允许执行的sql语句
def _PermitedUpdateSql(self, sql):
rt = True
lrsql = sql
sql_elems = lrsql.strip().split()
sql_elems2 = [x.upper() for x in sql_elems]
# update和delete最少有四个单词项
if len(sql_elems2) < 4:
rt = False
# 更新删除语句，判断首单词，不带where语句的sql不予执行
elif ('UPDATE' in sql_elems2 or 'DELETE' in sql_elems2):
if 'WHERE' not in sql_elems2:
rt = False
return rt def _commit(self):
self._conn.commit() def _rollback(self):
self._conn.rollback() # 检查是否允许执行的sql语句
def CheckSelectSql(self, sql):
rt = True
lrsql = sql
sql_elems = lrsql.strip().split()
sql_elems2 = [x.upper() for x in sql_elems]
# update和delete最少有四个单词项
if len(sql_elems2) < 4:
rt = False
# 更新删除语句，判断首单词，不带where语句的sql不予执行
elif ('UPDATE' in sql_elems2 or 'DELETE' in sql_elems2 or 'INSERT' in sql_elems2):
rt = False
return rt # 查询
def Query(self, sql, nStart=0, nNum=- 1):
rt = []
# 获取cursor
cur = self._NewCursor()
if not cur:
return rt
# 查询到列表
print(sql)
cur.execute(sql)
if (nStart == 0) and (nNum == 1):
rt.append(cur.fetchone())
else:
rs = cur. fetchall()
if nNum == - 1:
rt.extend(rs[nStart:])
else:
rt.extend(rs[nStart:nStart + nNum])
# 释放cursor
self._DelCursor(cur)
return rt # 更新
def Exec(self, sql):
# 获取cursor
rt = None
cur = self._NewCursor()
if not cur:
return rt
# 判断sql是否允许其执行
if not self._PermitedUpdateSql(sql):
return rt
# 执行语句
print(sql)
try:
rt = cur.execute(sql)
self._commit()
# 释放cursor
self._DelCursor(cur)
# return rt
return "success"
except Exception as e:
print(e)
self._conn.rollback()
return str(e) # 更新list
def Execlist(self, sqls):
# 获取cursor
rt = None
cur = self._NewCursor()
if not cur:
return rt
try:
for i in sqls:
# 判断sql是否允许其执行
if len(i.strip()) < 1:
continue
if not self._PermitedUpdateSql(i):
self._rollback()
return rt
# 执行语句
print(i)
rt = cur.execute(i)
self._commit()
# 释放cursor
self._DelCursor(cur)
# return rt
return "success"
except Exception as e:
print(e)
self._conn.rollback()
return str(e) # 导出结果为文件
def Export(self, sql, file_name, colfg='||'):
rt = self. Query(sql)
if rt:
with open(file_name, 'a') as fd:
for row in rt:
ln_info = ''
for col in row:
ln_info += str(col) + colfg
ln_info += '\n'
fd .write(ln_info)
oracle版本使用方法：
# 查询单个sql
orc = DBOrc(host, port, db, user, password)
sql = "select c1,c2,c3 from table1"
orc.Query(sql ) # 更新单个sql
sql = "update table1 set c1=0"
orc.Exec(sql ) # 更新多条sql
sqllist = []
sqllist.append("update table1 set c1=0")
sqllist.append("update table1 set c2=0")
orc.Execlist(sqllist)
二、Sqlserver访问类
import pymssql
from pymssql import _mssql
from pymssql import _pymssql class DBMSS:
# MSS 连接工具
def __init__(self, host, port, user, password, db):
self.host = host+":"+port
self.user = user
self.password = password
self.db = db
self._conn = None
self .__GetConnect() def __GetConnect(self):
if not self._conn:
self._conn = pymssql.connect(host=self.host, user=self.user, password=self.password, database=self.db, charset="utf8")
else:
pass def __del__(self):
if self._conn:
self._conn.close()
self._conn = None def _NewCursor(self):
cur = self._conn.cursor()
if cur:
return cur
else:
print("#Error# Get New Cursor Failed.")
return None def _DelCursor(self, cur):
if cur:
cur.close() # 检查是否允许执行的sql语句
def _PermitedUpdateSql(self, sql):
rt = True
lrsql = sql
sql_elems = lrsql.strip().split()
sql_elems2 = [x.upper() for x in sql_elems]
# update和delete最少有四个单词项
if len(sql_elems2) < 4:
rt = False
# 更新删除语句，判断首单词，不带where语句的sql不予执行
elif ('UPDATE' in sql_elems2 or 'DELETE' in sql_elems2):
if 'WHERE' not in sql_elems2:
rt = False
return rt def _commit(self):
self._conn.commit() def _rollback(self):
self._conn.rollback() # 检查是否允许执行的sql语句
def CheckSelectSql(self, sql):
rt = True
lrsql = sql
sql_elems = lrsql.strip().split()
sql_elems2 = [x.upper() for x in sql_elems]
# update和delete最少有四个单词项
if len(sql_elems2) < 4:
rt = False
# 更新删除语句，判断首单词，不带where语句的sql不予执行
elif ('UPDATE' in sql_elems2 or 'DELETE' in sql_elems2 or 'INSERT' in sql_elems2):
rt = False
return rt # 查询
def Query(self, sql, nStart=0, nNum=- 1):
rt = []
# 获取cursor
cur = self._NewCursor()
if not cur:
return rt
# 查询到列表
print(sql)
cur.execute(sql)
if (nStart == 0) and (nNum == 1):
rt.append(cur.fetchone())
else:
rs = cur. fetchall()
if nNum == - 1:
rt.extend(rs[nStart:])
else:
rt.extend(rs[nStart:nStart + nNum])
# 释放cursor
self._DelCursor(cur)
return rt # 更新
def Exec(self, sql):
# 获取cursor
rt = None
cur = self._NewCursor()
if not cur:
return rt
# 判断sql是否允许其执行
if not self._PermitedUpdateSql(sql):
return rt
# 执行语句
print(sql)
try:
rt = cur.execute(sql)
self._commit()
# 释放cursor
self._DelCursor(cur)
# return rt
return "success"
except Exception as e:
print(e)
self._conn.rollback()
return str(e) # 更新list
def Execlist(self, sqls):
# 获取cursor
rt = None
cur = self._NewCursor()
if not cur:
return rt
try:
for i in sqls:
# 判断sql是否允许其执行
if len(i.strip()) < 1:
continue
if not self._PermitedUpdateSql(i):
self._rollback()
return rt
# 执行语句
print(i)
rt = cur.execute(i)
self._commit()
# 释放cursor
self._DelCursor(cur)
# return rt
return "success"
except Exception as e:
print(e)
self._conn.rollback()
return str(e) # 导出结果为文件
def Export(self, sql, file_name, colfg='||'):
rt = self. Query(sql)
if rt:
with open(file_name, 'a') as fd:
for row in rt:
ln_info = ''
for col in row:
ln_info += str(col) + colfg
ln_info += '\n'
fd .write(ln_info)
SqlServer版使用方法：
# 查询单个sql
mss = DBMSS(host, port, db, user, password)
sql = "select c1,c2,c3 from table1"
mss.Query(sql ) # 更新单个sql
sql = "update table1 set c1=0"
mss.Exec(sql ) # 更新多条sql
sqllist = []
sqllist.append("update table1 set c1=0")
sqllist.append("update table1 set c2=0")
mss.Execlist(sqllist)
三、PostgreSQL访问类
import psycopg2 class DBPg:
# PG 连接工具
def __init__(self, host, port, db, user, password):
self.host = host
self.port = port
self.db = db
self.user = user
self.password = password
self._conn = None
self._conn = self.__GetConnect() def try_except(self):
def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
try:
self(*args, **kwargs)
except Exception as e:
print("get error: %s" % e)
return wrapper # @try_except
def __GetConnect(self):
if not self._conn:
return psycopg2.connect(database=self.db, user=self.user, password=self.password, host=self.host, port=self.port)
else:
pass def __del__(self):
if self._conn:
self._conn.close()
self._conn = None def _NewCursor(self):
cur = self._conn.cursor()
if cur:
return cur
else:
print("#Error# Get New Cursor Failed.")
return None def _DelCursor(self, cur):
if cur:
cur.close() # 检查是否允许执行的sql语句
def _PermitedUpdateSql(self, sql):
rt = True
lrsql = sql
sql_elems = lrsql.strip().split()
sql_elems2 = [x.upper() for x in sql_elems]
# update和delete最少有四个单词项
if len(sql_elems2) < 4:
rt = False
# 更新删除语句，判断首单词，不带where语句的sql不予执行
elif ('UPDATE' in sql_elems2 or 'DELETE' in sql_elems2):
if 'WHERE' not in sql_elems2:
rt = False
return rt def _commit(self):
self._conn.commit() def _rollback(self):
self._conn.rollback() # 检查是否允许执行的sql语句
def CheckSelectSql(self, sql):
rt = True
lrsql = sql
sql_elems = lrsql.strip().split()
sql_elems2 = [x.upper() for x in sql_elems]
# update和delete最少有四个单词项
if len(sql_elems2) < 4:
rt = False
# 更新删除语句，判断首单词，不带where语句的sql不予执行
elif ('UPDATE' in sql_elems2 or 'DELETE' in sql_elems2 or 'INSERT' in sql_elems2):
rt = False
return rt # 查询
def Query(self, sql, nStart=0, nNum=- 1):
rt = []
# 获取cursor
cur = self._NewCursor()
if not cur:
return rt
# 查询到列表
print(sql)
cur.execute(sql)
if (nStart == 0) and (nNum == 1):
rt.append(cur.fetchone())
else:
rs = cur. fetchall()
if nNum == - 1:
rt.extend(rs[nStart:])
else:
rt.extend(rs[nStart:nStart + nNum])
# 释放cursor
self._DelCursor(cur)
return rt # 更新
def Exec(self, sql):
# 获取cursor
rt = None
cur = self._NewCursor()
if not cur:
return rt
# 判断sql是否允许其执行
if not self._PermitedUpdateSql(sql):
return rt
# 执行语句
print(sql)
try:
rt = cur.execute(sql)
self._commit()
# 释放cursor
self._DelCursor(cur)
# return rt
return "success"
except Exception as e:
print(e)
self._conn.rollback()
return str(e) # 更新list
def Execlist(self, sqls):
# 获取cursor
rt = None
cur = self._NewCursor()
if not cur:
return rt
try:
for i in sqls:
# 判断sql是否允许其执行
if len(i.strip()) < 1:
continue
if not self._PermitedUpdateSql(i):
self._rollback()
return rt
# 执行语句
print(i)
rt = cur.execute(i)
self._commit()
# 释放cursor
self._DelCursor(cur)
# return rt
return "success"
except Exception as e:
print(e)
self._conn.rollback()
return str(e) # 导出结果为文件
def Export(self, sql, file_name, colfg='||'):
rt = self. Query(sql)
if rt:
with open(file_name, 'a') as fd:
for row in rt:
ln_info = ''
for col in row:
ln_info += str(col) + colfg
ln_info += '\n'
fd .write(ln_info)
PG版本使用方法：
# 查询单个sql
pg = DBPg(host, port, db, user, password)
sql = "select c1,c2,c3 from table1"
pg.Query(sql ) # 更新单个sql
sql = "update table1 set c1=0"
pg.Exec(sql ) # 更新多条sql
sqllist = []
sqllist.append("update table1 set c1=0")
sqllist.append("update table1 set c2=0")
pg.Execlist(sqllist)
其他版本如Mysql，原理类似，欢迎热心的同学补充
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