OpenCV学习笔记（一） 环境配置

Visual Studio 2010

VS2010对应的OpenCV的lib文件（build\x86\vc10\lib）分为debug模式和release模式两种：debug模式牺牲速度，但能提供更多信息，例如内存是否泄漏，函数调用是否正确等；release模式不执行这些检查来提高速度。

首先在系统path变量中添加dll文件的路径：

C:\ProgramFiles\opencv249\build\x86\vc12\bin

在Visual Studio中新建一个项目，打开“视图->属性管理器”，在“Debug|Win32”中右键->“添加新项目属性表”（可命名为OpenCVProjectD.props），修改：

1. “VC++目录”下的可执行文件目录、包含目录、库目录
2. “链接器->输入->附加依赖项”，添加结尾为d的所有lib

可执行文件目录：

C:\ProgramFiles\opencv249\build\x86\vc12\bin

包含目录：

C:\ProgramFiles\opencv249\build\include
C:\ProgramFiles\opencv249\build\include\opencv
C:\ProgramFiles\opencv249\build\include\opencv2

库目录：

C:\ProgramFiles\opencv249\build\x86\vc12\lib

附加依赖项：

opencv_calib3d249d.lib
opencv_contrib249d.lib
opencv_core249d.lib
opencv_features2d249d.lib
opencv_flann249d.lib
opencv_gpu249d.lib
opencv_highgui249d.lib
opencv_imgproc249d.lib
opencv_legacy249d.lib
opencv_ml249d.lib
opencv_nonfree249d.lib
opencv_objdetect249d.lib
opencv_ocl249d.lib
opencv_photo249d.lib
opencv_stitching249d.lib
opencv_superres249d.lib
opencv_ts249d.lib
opencv_video249d.lib
opencv_videostab249d.lib

Release|Win32中新建属性表OpenCVProjectR.props，操作类似，仅在附加依赖项中添加不带d的lib文件。

opencv_calib3d249.lib
opencv_contrib249.lib
opencv_core249.lib
opencv_features2d249.lib
opencv_flann249.lib
opencv_gpu249.lib
opencv_highgui249.lib
opencv_imgproc249.lib
opencv_legacy249.lib
opencv_ml249.lib
opencv_nonfree249.lib
opencv_objdetect249.lib
opencv_ocl249.lib
opencv_photo249.lib
opencv_stitching249.lib
opencv_superres249.lib
opencv_ts249.lib
opencv_video249.lib
opencv_videostab249.lib

　　

按照这种方法配置会产生两个XML文件，之后再创建OpenCV项目时，只需将这两个文件导入该项目的属性管理器即可。

注意，OpenCV中文论坛上直接修改Microsoft.Cpp.Win32.user属性的方法不可取。这个文件在Debug和Release模式下是共用的，即Debug模式和Release模式共用所有lib，会导致一些错误，例如在Release模式下的imread函数无法运行。

Qt 5

Qt项目中的.pro文件添加以下代码：

INCLUDEPATH += D:\opencv\opencv\build\include\
INCLUDEPATH += D:\opencv\opencv\build\include\opencv\
INCLUDEPATH += D:\opencv\opencv\build\include\opencv2\

CONFIG(debug,debug|release) {
LIBS += -LD:\opencv\opencv\build\x86\vc10\lib \
    -lopencv_core244d \
    -lopencv_highgui244d \
    -lopencv_imgproc244d \
    -lopencv_features2d244d \
    -lopencv_calib3d244d
} else {
LIBS += -LD:\opencv\opencv\build\x86\vc10\lib \
    -lopencv_core244 \
    -lopencv_highgui244 \
    -lopencv_imgproc244 \
    -lopencv_features2d244 \
    -lopencv_calib3d244
}

P.S.

在实际运行中遇到错误：

1. 转换到COFF期间失败：网上查找的解决方案是在微软上下载SP对MSVS2010进行升级
2. cl.exe：工具->选项->构建和运行，取消“使用jom代替nmake”