在Windows中像Linux里一样使用CMake和make

1. 安装GCC环境

1.1 安装MinGW（Minimalist GNU for Windows）

首先下载MinGW，并安装。安装完成之后运行MinGW Installer。界面如下。勾选自己需要安装的包，然后点击Apply Changes执行。

其中除了一些必须的包之外，mingw32-make是执行make命令需要。

参考教程：https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/66197013

1.2 添加环境变量

之后在系统环境变量的PATH中添加 MinGW\bin 这个位置。在终端中试着用一下gcc gdb等命令确定可行。

2. 安装CMake

在CMake官网上下载并安装CMake。安装时注意勾选将路径添加到环境变量选项。

参考教程：https://gclxry.com/use-cmake-on-windows/

3. 使用CMake编译

与linux下不同的是，使用cmake要加入参数 -G 选择使用的生成器，直接回车会列出下面的生成器。

 Generators
   Visual Studio 16 2019        = Generates Visual Studio 2019 project files.
                                  Use -A option to specify architecture.
 * Visual Studio 15 2017 [arch] = Generates Visual Studio 2017 project files.
                                  Optional [arch] can be "Win64" or "ARM".
   Visual Studio 14 2015 [arch] = Generates Visual Studio 2015 project files.
                                  Optional [arch] can be "Win64" or "ARM".
   Visual Studio 12 2013 [arch] = Generates Visual Studio 2013 project files.
                                  Optional [arch] can be "Win64" or "ARM".
   Visual Studio 11 2012 [arch] = Generates Visual Studio 2012 project files.
                                  Optional [arch] can be "Win64" or "ARM".
   Visual Studio 10 2010 [arch] = Generates Visual Studio 2010 project files.
                                  Optional [arch] can be "Win64" or "IA64".
   Visual Studio 9 2008 [arch]  = Generates Visual Studio 2008 project files.
                                  Optional [arch] can be "Win64" or "IA64".
   Borland Makefiles            = Generates Borland makefiles.
   NMake Makefiles              = Generates NMake makefiles.
   NMake Makefiles JOM          = Generates JOM makefiles.
   MSYS Makefiles               = Generates MSYS makefiles.
   MinGW Makefiles              = Generates a make file for use with
                                  mingw32-make.
   Unix Makefiles               = Generates standard UNIX makefiles.
   Green Hills MULTI            = Generates Green Hills MULTI files
                                  (experimental, work-in-progress).
   Ninja                        = Generates build.ninja files.
   Ninja Multi-Config           = Generates build-<Config>.ninja files.
   CodeBlocks - MinGW Makefiles = Generates CodeBlocks project files.
   CodeBlocks - NMake Makefiles = Generates CodeBlocks project files.
   CodeBlocks - NMake Makefiles JOM
   CodeBlocks - Unix Makefiles  = Generates CodeBlocks project files.
   CodeLite - MinGW Makefiles   = Generates CodeLite project files.
   CodeLite - NMake Makefiles   = Generates CodeLite project files.
   CodeLite - Ninja             = Generates CodeLite project files.
   CodeLite - Unix Makefiles    = Generates CodeLite project files.
   Sublime Text 2 - MinGW Makefiles
                                = Generates Sublime Text 2 project files.
   Sublime Text 2 - NMake Makefiles
                                = Generates Sublime Text 2 project files.
   Sublime Text 2 - Ninja       = Generates Sublime Text 2 project files.
   Sublime Text 2 - Unix Makefiles
                                = Generates Sublime Text 2 project files.
   Kate - MinGW Makefiles       = Generates Kate project files.
   Kate - NMake Makefiles       = Generates Kate project files.
   Kate - Ninja                 = Generates Kate project files.
   Kate - Unix Makefiles        = Generates Kate project files.
   Eclipse CDT4 - NMake Makefiles
                                = Generates Eclipse CDT 4.0 project files.
   Eclipse CDT4 - MinGW Makefiles
                                = Generates Eclipse CDT 4.0 project files.
   Eclipse CDT4 - Ninja         = Generates Eclipse CDT 4.0 project files.
   Eclipse CDT4 - Unix Makefiles= Generates Eclipse CDT 4.0 project files.

这里我使用

cmake .. -G "MinGW Makefiles"

可以看到生成了Makefile文件。接着我们输入mingw32-make.exe就可以生成main.exe了。

这里mingw32-make.exe有些麻烦。我们可以把这个文件重命名成make.exe，就可以直接使用make了。

这里生产的文件是.exe文件，和Linux下的还有所不同。