day24 Pythonpython 面向对象设计 类

将一些相同特征和动作的成为类，现有类才能创建对象，对象就是特征和动作的结合体

类：把一类事物的相同特征和动作整合到一起就是类。类是一个抽象概念

对象：就是基于类而创建的一个具的事物（具体存在的），也是特征和动作给的结合

类是用来描述 一类事物，类的对象指的是这一类书屋中的一个个个体，是事物就要有属性属性分为

1：数据属性：就是变量

2：函数属性：就是函数，在面向对象里通常称为方法

注意：：：类和对象均用点来访问自己的属性

class Chinese:
    '这是一个中国人'
    dang='共青团'
    def sui_di_tu_tan():
        print('正在吐')
#调用这个函数一定要加参数，只不过还没定义参数的意义
    def cha_dui(self):
        print('插到了前面')
#数据属性
print(Chinese.dang)
#函数属性
Chinese.sui_di_tu_tan()

print(dir(Chinese))
#查看类的属性字典
print('=========================================')
print(Chinese.__dict__)
print('=============================================')
print(Chinese.__dict__['dang'])
print('=========================================')
print(Chinese.cha_dui(1))
print('==============================')
Chinese.__dict__['sui_di_tu_tan']()
Chinese.__dict__['cha_dui']("you")

结果：
共青团
正在吐
['__class__', '__delattr__', '__dict__', '__dir__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__init_subclass__', '__le__', '__lt__', '__module__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', '__weakref__', 'cha_dui', 'dang', 'sui_di_tu_tan']
=========================================
{'__module__': '__main__', '__doc__': '这是一个中国人', 'dang': '共青团', 'sui_di_tu_tan': <function Chinese.sui_di_tu_tan at 0x7f7d87a91158>, 'cha_dui': <function Chinese.cha_dui at 0x7f7d87a911e0>, '__dict__': <attribute '__dict__' of 'Chinese' objects>, '__weakref__': <attribute '__weakref__' of 'Chinese' objects>}
=============================================
共青团
=========================================
插到了前面
None
==============================
正在吐
插到了前面

对象由类实例化而来，类实例化的结果称为一个实例或者称为一个对象

class Chinese:
    '这是一个中国人'
    dang='共青团'
    def sui_di_tu_tan():
        print('正在吐')
    def cha_dui(self):
        print('%s插到了前面' %self.名字)
    #初始化：__init__定制对象的属性,__init__会自动return所以要是自己加上return回报错
    def __init__(self,name,age,gender):
        print('初始化开始')
        print('-------------')
        print(self)#========>p1
        print('-------------')
        self.名字=name #p1.名字=name
        self.年龄=age #p1.年龄=age
        self.性别=gender #p1.性别=gender
        print('初始化结束')
        #class自动帮你return了
    def eat_foot(self,food):
        print('%s is eating %s' % (self.名字,food))
#实例化会出发__init__函数运行
p1 = Chinese('charon',12,'F')
print(p1.__dict__)
print(p1.名字)
#p1产生的字典由__init__产生，p1调用dang在__init__作用域没找到,就去外一层Chinese作用域找dang
print(p1.dang)
#print(Chinese.__dict__)
Chinese.sui_di_tu_tan()
Chinese.cha_dui(p1)
#p1.sui_di_tu_tan()
p1.cha_dui()
#与self内春地址相同
print(p1)
p1.eat_foot('shit')
print('=========================================')
p2 = Chinese('pluto',100,'F')
p2.eat_foot('apple')

结果：
China
Japan
{'name': 'charon'}
Japan
eventment
eventment
{'__module__': '__main__', 'country': 'Japan', '__init__': <function Chinese.__init__ at 0x7fc8ed2ff158>, 'paly_ball': <function Chinese.paly_ball at 0x7fc8ed2ff1e0>, '__dict__': <attribute '__dict__' of 'Chinese' objects>, '__weakref__': <attribute '__weakref__' of 'Chinese' objects>, '__doc__': None, 'dang': 'eventment'}
===================================================
{'__module__': '__main__', 'country': 'Japan', '__init__': <function Chinese.__init__ at 0x7fc8ed2ff158>, 'paly_ball': <function Chinese.paly_ball at 0x7fc8ed2ff1e0>, '__dict__': <attribute '__dict__' of 'Chinese' objects>, '__weakref__': <attribute '__weakref__' of 'Chinese' objects>, '__doc__': None}

类的增删改查

# -*- coding:utf8 -*-
class Chinese:
    country = 'China'
    def __init__(self,name):
        self.name=name
    def paly_ball(self,ball):
        print('%s in playing %s' % (self.name,ball))
#查看
print(Chinese.country)
#修改
Chinese.country = 'Japan'
print(Chinese.country)
#用这个类生成一个实例
p1 = Chinese('charon')
print(p1.__dict__)
print(p1.country)
#增加
Chinese.dang='eventment'
print(Chinese.dang)
print(p1.dang)
#删除
#del Chinese.dang
print(Chinese.__dict__)
print('===================================================')
del Chinese.dang
print(Chinese.__dict__)

结果：
China
Japan
{'name': 'charon'}
Japan
eventment
eventment
{'__module__': '__main__', 'country': 'Japan', '__init__': <function Chinese.__init__ at 0x7f29a1607158>, 'paly_ball': <function Chinese.paly_ball at 0x7f29a16071e0>, '__dict__': <attribute '__dict__' of 'Chinese' objects>, '__weakref__': <attribute '__weakref__' of 'Chinese' objects>, '__doc__': None, 'dang': 'eventment'}
===================================================
{'__module__': '__main__', 'country': 'Japan', '__init__': <function Chinese.__init__ at 0x7f29a1607158>, 'paly_ball': <function Chinese.paly_ball at 0x7f29a16071e0>, '__dict__': <attribute '__dict__' of 'Chinese' objects>, '__weakref__': <attribute '__weakref__' of 'Chinese' objects>, '__doc__': None}

实例属性增删改查

class Chinese:
    country='China'
    def __init__(self,name):
        self.name=name
    def paly_ball(self,ball):
        print('%s 正在打 %s' % (self.name,ball))
#生成一个实例
p1 = Chinese('charon')
#查看实例属性字典
print(p1.__dict__)

#查看实例属性
print(p1.name)
print(p1.paly_ball)
p1.paly_ball('football')
#增加实例属性
p1.age = 18
print(p1.__dict__)
print(p1.age)
#属性分为有函数属性跟数据属性
#实例只有数据属性，他的函数属性是调类的
#修改实例属性
p1.age=200
print(p1.__dict__)
print(p1.age)
#删除
del p1.age
print(p1.__dict__)

结果：
{'name': 'charon'}
charon
<bound method Chinese.paly_ball of <__main__.Chinese object at 0x7fafb2db8550>>
charon 正在打 football
{'name': 'charon', 'age': 18}
18
{'name': 'charon', 'age': 200}
200
{'name': 'charon'}

对象和实例属性

# class Chinese:
#     country='China'
#     def __init__(self,name):
#         self.name=name
#     def paly_ball(self,ball):
#         print('%s 正在打 %s' % (self.name,ball))
# p1=Chinese('charon')
# print(p1.country)
# p1.country='Japan'
# #print(p1.__dict__)
# #print(Chinese.__dict__)
# print(p1.country)
# print(Chinese.country)
# print('类的--->',Chinese.country)
# print('实例的--->',p1.country)

# class Chinese:
#     country = '中国'
#     def __init__(self,name):
#         self.name=name
#
#     def play_ball(self,ball):
#         print('%s 正在打 %s' %(self.name,ball))
# p1=Chinese('alex')
# print(p1.country)

country='中国－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－'
class Chinese:
    country='中国'
    def __init__(self,name):
        self.name=name
        #这个country是个变量，类是点加country
        print('--->',country)

    def play_ball(self,ball):
        print('%s 正在打 %s' %(self.name,ball))

#print(Chinese.__dict__)
#print(Chinese.country)
p1=Chinese('alex')
print(Chinese.country)
print(Chinese.__dict__)

结果：
---> 中国－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－
中国
{'__module__': '__main__', 'country': '中国', '__init__': <function Chinese.__init__ at 0x7f298ab72158>, 'play_ball': <function Chinese.play_ball at 0x7f298ab721e0>, '__dict__': <attribute '__dict__' of 'Chinese' objects>, '__weakref__': <attribute '__weakref__' of 'Chinese' objects>, '__doc__': None}

换个姿势搞你，就不信你不爽

class Chinese:
    country='China'
    l=['a','b']
    def __init__(self,name):
        self.name=name
        print(self.name)

    def play_ball(self,ball):
        print('%s 正在打 %s' %(self.name,ball))

p1=Chinese('charon')
# p1.l=['a','b','c']
# print(p1.l)
# print(Chinese.l)
# print(Chinese.__dict__)
print(p1.l)
p1.l.append('c')
print(p1.l)
print(p1.__dict__)
print(Chinese.l)

结果：
charon
['a', 'b']
['a', 'b', 'c']
{'name': 'charon'}
['a', 'b', 'c']