Dockerfile完成Hadoop2.6的伪分布式搭建
在 《Docker中搭建Hadoop-2.6单机伪分布式集群》中在容器中操作来搭建伪分布式的Hadoop集群,这一节中将主要通过Dokcerfile 来完成这项工作。
1 获取一个简单的Docker系统镜像,并建立一个容器。
这里我选择下载CentOS镜像
- docker pull centos
通过docker tag命令将下载的CentOS镜像名称换成centos,并删除老标签
- docker tag docker.io/centos centos
docker rmr docker.io/centos
2. JDK的安装和配置
去Oracle官网提前下载好所需的jdk。
建立文件夹,并将jdk copy到文件夹下
- [root@centos-docker ~]# mkdir centos-jdk
- [root@centos-docker ~]# mv jdk-7u79-linux-x64.tar.gz ./centos-jdk/
- [root@centos-docker ~]# cd centos-jdk/
- [root@centos-docker centos-jdk]# ls
- jdk-7u79-linux-x64.tar.gz
在centos-jdk文件夹中建立Dockerfile,其内容如下:
- # CentOS with JDK
- # Author amei
- # build a new image with basic centos
- FROM centos
- # who is the author
- MAINTAINER amei
- # make a new directory to store the jdk files
- RUN mkdir /usr/local/java
- # copy the jdk archive to the image,and it will automaticlly unzip the tar file
- ADD jdk-7u79-linux-x64.tar.gz /usr/local/java/
- # make a symbol link
- RUN ln -s /usr/local/java/jdk1..0_79 /usr/local/java/jdk
- # set environment variables
- ENV JAVA_HOME /usr/local/java/jdk
- ENV JRE_HOME ${JAVA_HOME}/jre
- ENV CLASSPATH .:${JAVA_HOME}/lib:${JRE_HOME}/lib
- ENV PATH ${JAVA_HOME}/bin:$PATH
根据Dokcerfile创建新镜像:
- # 注意后边的 . 不能忘了
[root@centos-docker centos-jdk]# docker build -t="centos-jdk" .- Sending build context to Docker daemon 153.5 MB
- Step : FROM centos
- ---> e8f1bdb3b6a7
- .....................................
- Step : ENV PATH ${JAVA_HOME}/bin:$PATH
- ---> Running in 5ecbe2fac774
- ---> ad1110b84433
- Removing intermediate container 5ecbe2fac774
- Successfully built ad1110b84433
查看新建立的镜像
- [root@centos-docker centos-jdk]# docker images
- REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
- centos-jdk latest ad1110b84433 minutes ago MB
- centos latest e8f1bdb3b6a7 weeks ago 196.7 MB
建立容器,查看新的镜像中的JDK是否正确
- [root@centos-docker centos-jdk]# docker run -it centos-jdk /bin/bash
- [root@b665dbff9965 /]# java -version # 出来结果表明配置没问题
- java version "1.7.0_79"
- Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.7.0_79-b15)
- Java HotSpot(TM) -Bit Server VM (build 24.79-b02, mixed mode)
- [root@b665dbff9965 /]# echo $JAVA_HOME
- /usr/local/java/jdk
3. 在前一步基础上安装ssh
建立新的文件夹,并在其下建立Dokcerfile文件,其内容为:
- # build a new image with centos-jdk
FROM centos-jdk
# who is the author
MAINTAINER amei- # install openssh
RUN yum -y install openssh-server openssh-clients- #generate key files
RUN ssh-keygen -q -t rsa -b 2048 -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key -N ''
RUN ssh-keygen -q -t ecdsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key -N ''
RUN ssh-keygen -q -t dsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key -N ''- # login localhost without password
RUN ssh-keygen -f /root/.ssh/id_rsa -N ''
RUN touch /root/.ssh/authorized_keys
RUN cat /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> /root/.ssh/authorized_keys- # set password of root
RUN echo "root:1234" | chpasswd- # open the port 22
EXPOSE 22
# when start a container it will be executed
CMD ["/usr/sbin/sshd","-D"]
利用此Dockerfile 建立镜像:
- [root@centos-docker centos-jdk-ssh]# docker build -t "centos-jdk-ssh" .
- Sending build context to Docker daemon 2.56 kB
- Step : FROM centos-jdk
- ---> ad1110b84433
- 。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。
- Successfully built 5286623a6cc0
验证建立好的镜像:
- #在刚才的镜像之上建立容器
[root@centos-docker centos-jdk-ssh]# docker run -it centos-jdk-ssh /bin/bash- [root@118f3d29fc73 /]# /usr/sbin/sshd #开启sshd服务
- [root@118f3d29fc73 /]# ssh root@localhost #登陆到本机
- The authenticity of host 'localhost (::1)' can't be established. # 观察确实不用密码即可登陆
- ECDSA key fingerprint is b7:f0:::c9:ca::8b::0d:::6f::4f:.
- Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
- Warning: Permanently added 'localhost' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
- [root@118f3d29fc73 ~]# exit #退出容器
- logout
- Connection to localhost closed.
4. 安装Hdoop2.6
首先先下载好hadoop安装包。
建立文件夹,并在文件夹下建立如下几个文件。
编辑core-site.xml文件
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>
- <configuration>
- <property>
- <name>hadoop.tmp.dir</name>
- <value>file:/data/hadoop/tmp</value>
- </property>
- <property>
- <name>fs.defaultFS</name>
- <value>hdfs://localhost:9000</value>
- </property>
- </configuration>
编辑hdfs-site.xml文件
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>
- <configuration>
- <property>
- <name>dfs.replication</name>
- <value></value>
- </property>
- <property>
- <name>dfs.namenode.name.dir</name>
- <value>file:/data/hadoop/dfs/name</value>
- </property>
- <property>
- <name>dfs.datanode.data.dir</name>
- <value>file:/data/hadoop/dfs/data</value>
- </property>
- </configuration>
在其下建立Dokcerfile文件,其内容为:
- # build a new image with centos-jdk-ssh
FROM centos-jdk-ssh
# who is the author
MAINTAINER amei- # install some important software
RUN yum -y install net-tools which- # copy the hadoop archive to the image,and it will automaticlly unzip the tar file
ADD hadoop-2.6.0.tar.gz /usr/local/- # make a symbol link
RUN ln -s /usr/local/hadoop-2.6.0 /usr/local/hadoop- # copy the configuration file to image
COPY core-site.xml /usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/
COPY hdfs-site.xml /usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/- # change hadoop environment variables
RUN sed -i "s?JAVA_HOME=\${JAVA_HOME}?JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/java/jdk?g" /usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/hadoop-env.sh- # set environment variables
ENV HADOOP_HOME /usr/local/hadoop
ENV PATH ${HADOOP_HOME}/bin:${HADOOP_HOME}/sbin:$PATH
此时文件夹下的文件有:
- [root@centos-docker centos-hadoop]# ll
- total 190704
- -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 403 Aug 7 06:52 core-site.xml
- -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 708 Aug 7 06:52 Dockerfile
- -rwxr-x---. 1 root root 195257604 Aug 7 04:44 hadoop-2.6.0.tar.gz
- -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 546 Aug 7 06:25 hdfs-site.xml
建立镜像:
- docker build -t "centos-hadoop" .
查看镜像:
- [root@centos-docker centos-hadoop]# docker images
- REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
- centos-hadoop latest 64b9d221973b minutes ago MB
- centos-jdk-ssh latest 5286623a6cc0 About an hour ago MB
- centos-jdk latest ad1110b84433 hours ago MB
建立容器测试镜像:
- [root@centos-docker centos-hadoop]# docker run -it centos-hadoop /bin/bash #开启容器
- [root@889d94ef9cbc /]#/usr/sbin/sshd #开启sshd服务
- [root@889d94ef9cbc /]# hdfs namenode -format #格式化namenode
- // :: INFO namenode.NameNode: STARTUP_MSG:
- /************************************************************
- STARTUP_MSG: Starting NameNode
- STARTUP_MSG: host = 889d94ef9cbc/172.17.0.2
- STARTUP_MSG: args = [-format]
- STARTUP_MSG: version = 2.6.0
- ............................................................
- 16/08/06 22:56:36 INFO common.Storage: Storage directory /data/hadoop/dfs/name has been successfully formatted.
- 16/08/06 22:56:37 INFO namenode.NNStorageRetentionManager: Going to retain 1 images with txid >= 0
- 16/08/06 22:56:37 INFO util.ExitUtil: Exiting with status 0
- 16/08/06 22:56:37 INFO namenode.NameNode: SHUTDOWN_MSG:
- /************************************************************
- SHUTDOWN_MSG: Shutting down NameNode at 889d94ef9cbc/172.17.0.2
- ************************************************************/
- [root@889d94ef9cbc /]# start-dfs.sh # 开启hdfs
- [root@889d94ef9cbc /]# jps #查看开启的应用程序
- SecondaryNameNode
- DataNode
- Jps
- NameNode
- [root@889d94ef9cbc /]# hadoop dfsadmin -report #查看HDFS状况
- DEPRECATED: Use of this script to execute hdfs command is deprecated.
- Instead use the hdfs command for it.
- Configured Capacity: (9.99 GB)
- Present Capacity: (9.08 GB)
- DFS Remaining: (9.08 GB)
- DFS Used: ( KB)
- DFS Used%: 0.00%
- Under replicated blocks:
- Blocks with corrupt replicas:
- Missing blocks:
- -------------------------------------------------
- Live datanodes ():
- Name: 127.0.0.1: (localhost)
- Hostname: 889d94ef9cbc
- Decommission Status : Normal
- Configured Capacity: (9.99 GB)
- DFS Used: ( KB)
- Non DFS Used: (933.54 MB)
- DFS Remaining: (9.08 GB)
- DFS Used%: 0.00%
- DFS Remaining%: 90.87%
- Configured Cache Capacity: ( B)
- Cache Used: ( B)
- Cache Remaining: ( B)
- Cache Used%: 100.00%
- Cache Remaining%: 0.00%
- Xceivers:
- Last contact: Sat Aug :: UTC
5. 将前边的步骤合在一起,用一个Dockerfile 来完成
建立一个新的文件夹,文件夹要包含建立进行所需的资源。
- [root@centos-docker centos-hadoop]# ll
- total
- -rw-r--r--. root root Aug : core-site.xml
- -rw-r--r--. root root Aug : Dockerfile
- -rwxr-x---. root root Aug : hadoop-2.6..tar.gz
- -rw-r--r--. root root Aug : hdfs-site.xml
- -rwxr-x---. root root Aug : jdk-7u79-linux-x64.tar.gz
Dockerfile中的内容为:
- # build a new hadoop image with basic centos
- FROM centos
- # who is the author
- MAINTAINER amei
- # install some important softwares
- RUN yum -y install openssh-server openssh-clients net-tools which
- ####################Configurate JDK################################
- # make a new directory to store the jdk files
- RUN mkdir /usr/local/java
- # copy the jdk archive to the image,and it will automaticlly unzip the tar file
- ADD jdk-7u79-linux-x64.tar.gz /usr/local/java/
- # make a symbol link
- RUN ln -s /usr/local/java/jdk1..0_79 /usr/local/java/jdk
- ###################Configurate SSH#################################
- #generate key files
- RUN ssh-keygen -q -t rsa -b -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key -N ''
- RUN ssh-keygen -q -t ecdsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key -N ''
- RUN ssh-keygen -q -t dsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key -N ''
- # login localhost without password
- RUN ssh-keygen -f /root/.ssh/id_rsa -N ''
- RUN cat /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> /root/.ssh/authorized_keys
- ###################Configurate Hadoop##############################
- # copy the hadoop archive to the image,and it will automaticlly unzip the tar file
- ADD hadoop-2.6..tar.gz /usr/local/
- # make a symbol link
- RUN ln -s /usr/local/hadoop-2.6. /usr/local/hadoop
- # copy the configuration file to image
- COPY core-site.xml /usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/
- COPY hdfs-site.xml /usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/
- # change hadoop environment variables
- RUN sed -i "s?JAVA_HOME=\${JAVA_HOME}?JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/java/jdk?g" /usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/hadoop-env.sh
- ################### Integration configuration #######################
- # set environment variables
- ENV JAVA_HOME /usr/local/java/jdk
- ENV JRE_HOME ${JAVA_HOME}/jre
- ENV CLASSPATH .:${JAVA_HOME}/lib:${JRE_HOME}/lib
- ENV HADOOP_HOME /usr/local/hadoop
- ENV PATH ${HADOOP_HOME}/bin:${HADOOP_HOME}/sbin:${JAVA_HOME}/bin:$PATH
- # set password of root
- RUN echo "root:1234" | chpasswd
- # when start a container it will be executed
- CMD ["/usr/sbin/sshd"]
以此Dockerfile来建立Hadoop镜像
- docker build -t "centos-hadoop" .
6. 后话
Dockerfile和jdk,hadoop文件以及其它的配置文件都打包好放在百度云上,解压之后可以直接在目录中敲入命令 docker build -t "centos-hadoop" . 建立Hadoop镜像,不过前提是你得先有一个centos镜像。
http://pan.baidu.com/s/1dE8NCo5
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